Cellular effects of industrial metal nanoparticles and hydrophilic carbon black dispersion.

The effects of five types of metal nanoparticles, gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), Au-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) colloid, and Pt-PVP colloid, and two types of hydrophilic carbon black on cell behavior were examined. Stable nanoparticle dispersions were prepared and applied to the culture medium of human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human lung carcinoma (A549) cells for 6 and 24 hr. Then, the mitochondrial activity (MTT assay) and the induction of cellular oxidative stress were examined.

Comparison of acute oxidative stress on rat lung induced by nano and fine-scale, soluble and insoluble metal oxide particles: NiO and TiO2.

The aim of the present study is to understand the association between metal ion release from nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and induction of oxidative stress in the lung. NiO nanoparticles have cytotoxic activity through nickel ion release and subsequent oxidative stress. However, the interaction of oxidative stress and nickel ion release in vivo is still unclear.

Association of the physical and chemical properties and the cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles: metal ion release, adsorption ability and specific surface area.

Association of cellular influences and physical and chemical properties were examined for 24 kinds of industrial metal oxide nanoparticles: ZnO, CuO, NiO, Sb(2)O(3), CoO, MoO(3), Y(2)O(3), MgO, Gd(2)O(3), SnO(2), WO(3), ZrO(2), Fe(2)O(3), TiO(2), CeO(2), Al(2)O(3), Bi(2)O(3), La(2)O(3), ITO, and cobalt blue pigments. We prepared a stable medium dispersion for each nanoparticle and examined the influence on cell viability and oxidative stress together with physical and chemical characterizations. ZnO, CuO, NiO, MgO, and WO(3) showed a large amount of metal ion release in the culture medium.

Evaluation of cellular influences of platinum nanoparticles by stable medium dispersion.

Platinum nanoparticles have industrial application, for example in catalysis, and are used in consumer products such as cosmetics and supplements. Therefore, among the many nanoparticles, platinum is one of the more accessible nanoparticles for consumers. Most platinum nanoparticles that are used in cosmetics and supplements which have an anti-oxidant activity are modified particles.

Cellular responses induced by cerium oxide nanoparticles: induction of intracellular calcium level and oxidative stress on culture cells.

Cerium oxide (CeO(2)) is an important metal oxide used for industrial products. Many investigations about the cellular influence of CeO(2) nanoparticles have been done, but results are contradictory. It has been reported that CeO(2) nanoparticles have an anti-oxidative effect in cells, but it has also been reported that CeO(2) nanoparticles induce oxidative stress.

Chromium(III) oxide nanoparticles induced remarkable oxidative stress and apoptosis on culture cells.

Chromium(III) oxide (Cr(2)O(3)) is used for industrial applications such as catalysts and pigments. In the classical form, namely the fine particle, Cr(2)O(3) is insoluble and chemically stable. It is classified as a low-toxicity chromium compound.

Evaluation of acute oxidative stress induced by NiO nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro.

Objectives: Nickel oxide (NiO) is an important industrial material, and it is also a harmful agent. The toxicity of NiO is size-related: nanoparticles are more toxic than fine-particles. The toxic mechanism induced by NiO nanoparticles remains unexplained, and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo NiO toxicity results is unclear.

Cellular responses by stable and uniform ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in culture-medium dispersions when secondary particle size was 100 nm or less.

Even though there have been some investigations into cellular responses induced by ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) in vitro, the relationship between cellular responses and secondary particle size is still not clear. In this study, a stable and uniform TiO(2)-cell culture-medium dispersion was prepared, and cellular responses prompted by "ultrafine secondary particles" were examined. The TiO(2)-DMEM-FBS dispersion included secondary particles in which the secondary particle size was 100 nm or less.

Effects of ultrafine TiO2 particles on gene expression profile in human keratinocytes without illumination: involvement of extracellular matrix and cell adhesion.

Assessing in vitro cellular responses to molecular events is an effective mean to elucidate the toxicological behavior of the ultrafine nanoparticles. In this study, we utilized the DNA microarray analysis technique to determine the gene expression profiles of the human keratinocyte HaCaT cells exposed to anatase titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles of different (7 nm, 20 nm and 200 nm) average diameters without illumination. Cells were incubated for 24 h with TiO(2) particles, which were dispersed in the culture medium and size-fractionated such that the concentration of titanium in all the fractionated samples was nearly equivalent.

Ultrafine NiO particles induce cytotoxicity in vitro by cellular uptake and subsequent Ni(II) release.

Nickel oxide (NiO) is one of the important industrial materials used in electronic substrates and for ceramic engineering. Advancements in industrial technology have enabled the manufacture of ultrafine NiO particles. On the other hand, it is well-known that nickel compounds exert toxic effects.

Is lipid peroxidation induced by the aqueous suspension of fullerene C60 nanoparticles in the brains of Cyprinus carpio?

This study aimed to clarify whether fullerene C60 nanoparticles induced lipid peroxidation in Cyprinus carpio brains. A stable well-characterized aqueous suspension of C60 nanoparticle (diameter: 50th and 95th percentiles, 36 and 95 nm respectively) with 0.1% Tween80 solution was prepared by bead milling.

Protein adsorption of ultrafine metal oxide and its influence on cytotoxicity toward cultured cells.

Many investigations about the cellular response by metal oxide nanoparticles in vitro have been reported. However, the influence of the adsorption ability of metal oxide nanoparticles toward cells is unknown. The aim of this study is to understand the influence of adsorption by metal oxide nanoparticles on the cell viability in vitro.