Automated Systems with Fluorescence Detection for Metal Determination: A Review.

Industrialization has led to environmental pollution with various hazardous chemicals including pollution with metals. In this regard, the development of highly efficient analytical methods for their determination has received considerable attention to ensure public safety. Currently, scientists are paying more and more attention to the automation of analytical methods, since it permits fast, accurate, and sensitive analysis with minimal exposure of analysts to hazardous substances.

Headspace Microextraction. A Comprehensive Review on Method Application to the Analysis of Real Samples (from 2018 till Present).

This work describes current trends in the development of headspace microextraction methods. The main trends in the selection of detection techniques used in combination with microextraction and preferences in the selection of headspace liquid-phase microextraction (HS-LPME) or headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) methods, depending on the analytes and their quantity, are also briefly presented. In the main part of the work, on the basis of current journal literature, headspace microextraction analytical methods used for the determination of various inorganic and organic analytes are classified and compared over the last five years.

Direct immersion single-drop microextraction combined with fluorescence detection using an optical probe. Application for highly sensitive determination of rhodamine 6G.

The use of an optical probe for fluorescence detection combined with direct immersion single-drop microextraction has been demonstrated as an innovative approach. The optical probe served both as a drop holder for extractant and as a measuring device which made it possible to eliminate the use of cuvettes. A laser and a light emitting diode (LED) were tested as possible light sources.

Consecutive spectrophotometric determination of phosphate and silicate in a sequential injection lab-at-valve flow system.

A new highly sensitive and selective sequential injection lab-at-valve spectrophotometric method for the consecutive determination of silicate and phosphate is described. The proposed method is based on the formation of specific ion-association complexes (IAs) of 12-heteropolymolybdates of phosphorus and silicon (12-MSC) with Astra Phloxine. The addition of an external reaction chamber (RC) to the SIA manifold made it possible to significantly improve the conditions for the formation of the analytical form used.

A new approach for sulfite determination by headspace liquid-phase microextraction with an optical probe.

A new approach of headspace liquid-phase microextraction with an optical probe (HS-LPME-OP), which solves the problem of the extraction phase retention in the hole of the optical probe and provides the possibility of simpler, more precise and reliable online processing of the analytical signal, was used for sulfite determination. A 1 × 10 M 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB) solution was used as an acceptor phase. It was placed in a plastic vial fixed in the headspace above the analyte solution.

Online determination of sulfide using an optical immersion probe combined with headspace liquid-phase microextraction.

A new design for headspace liquid phase microextraction in combination with an optical immersion probe (HS-LPME-OIP) was proposed and successfully tested for the determination of sulfide in wine and water samples. The developed method is based on the release of hydrogen sulfide from the aqueous phase after the addition of orthophosphoric acid and its extraction with an aqueous solution of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB). The analytical signal was recorded using an optical probe immersed in a vial containing 200 μL of 0.