Daikenchuto, a Japanese herbal medicine, ameliorates experimental colitis in a murine model by inducing secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and modulating the gut microbiota.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a refractory inflammatory disorder of the intestine, which is probably triggered by dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) secreted by colon epithelial cells protects against intestinal inflammation by exerting anti-protease and anti-microbial activities. Daikenchuto (DKT) is one of the most commonly prescribed Japanese traditional herbal medicines for various digestive diseases.

N-glycan on N262 of FGFR3 regulates the intracellular localization and phosphorylation of the receptor.

N-glycosylation and proper processing of N-glycans are required for the function of membrane proteins including cell surface receptors. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is involved in a wide variety of biological processes including embryonic development, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Human FGFR3 contains six potential N-glycosylation sites, however, the roles of glycosylation have not been elucidated.

TRAF6 signaling in T cells is crucial for the pathogenicity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Although IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells are thought to be one of the exacerbating factors in MS, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is incompletely understood. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) deficient T cells exhibited enhanced Th17 cell differentiation, however, the physiological relevance of TRAF6 in T cells remains unknown.

Site-specific glycosylation analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2): exploring structure and function toward therapeutic targeting.

Glycans found on receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have emerged as promising targets for cancer chemotherapy, aiming to address issues such as drug resistance. However, to effectively select the target glycans, it is crucial to define the structure and function of candidate glycans in advance. Through mass spectrometric analysis, this study presents a "glycoform atlas" of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2), an RTK targeted for the treatment of ErbB2-positive cancers.

Effect of copper oxide (CuO) and vanadium oxide (VO) addition on the structural, optical and electrical properties of corundum (α-AlO).

In this work, we prepared a pure α-AlO, α-AlO/CuO (AC) and α-AlO/VO (AV) nanocomposite. The sol-gel method was used to prepare pure α-AlO, (AC) and (AV) samples at 1200 °C. Structural, electrical, and optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectrophotometer, and conductivity meter, respectively.

Synthesis of novel antibacterial nanocomposite CuO/Ag-modified zeolite for removal of MB dye.

Novel CuO/Ag nanocomposites added zeolite (CAZ) were successfully fabricated, and their effectiveness as an antibacterial on S. aureus and MB removal was evaluated. EDX, XRD, and FTIR confirm the presence of the elemental compositions of CAZ.

TRAF6 signaling in dendritic cells plays protective role against infectious colitis by limiting C. rodentium infection through the induction of Th1 and Th17 responses.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays a pivotal role in the induction of inflammatory responses not only in innate immune cells but also in non-immune cells, leading to the activation of adaptive immunity. Signal transduction mediated by TRAF6, along with its upstream molecule MyD88 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is crucial for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis following inflammatory insult. The IEC-specific TRAF6-deficient (TRAF6ΔIEC) and MyD88-deficient (MyD88ΔIEC) mice exhibit increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, emphasizing the critical role of this pathway.

GM-CSF-producing CCR2 CCR6 Th17 cells are pathogenic in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model in mice.

Although excessive immune responses by Th17 cells, a helper T cell subset, are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the mechanism by which its localization in an inflamed colon is regulated remains unclear. Chemokines and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, however, the relative significance of each receptor on Th17 cells remains unknown. We generated C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) knockout (KO) and CCR6 KO mice in the syngeneic background using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that the phenotypes of experimental colitis worsened in both mutant mice.

CCL20/CCR6 chemokine signaling is not essential for pathogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the nerve myelin sheath. The balance between pathogenic Th17 cells and regulatory Treg cells, both of which express the chemokine receptor CCR6 is critical for determining disease activity. It has been postulated that CCL20, the cognate ligand of CCR6, produced by the blood-brain barrier attracts these immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS).

TRAF6 signaling pathway in T cells regulates anti-tumor immunity through the activation of tumor specific Th9 cells and CTLs.

CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD4 helper T (Th) cells play a critical role in protective immune responses to tumor cells. Particularly, Th9 cells exert anti-tumor activity by producing IL-9. TNF receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is an adaptor protein that mediates the signals from both the TNFR superfamily and Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma presenting as melena with long-term survival: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma, previously known as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma type II. MEITL is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The known major complications of MEITL are intestinal perforation and obstruction.

Novel cold-adapted raw-starch digesting α-amylases from : Gene cloning, expression, and characterization.

We identified the raw-starch-digesting α-amylase genes a earthworm and ( and ). Each gene consists of 1,530 base pairs (bp) that encode proteins of 510 amino acids, as indicated by the corresponding mRNA sequences. Ef-Amy I and II showed an 89% amino acid identity.

Protease inhibitory activity of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor ameliorates murine experimental colitis by protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the intestine, and the dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) may trigger the onset of IBD. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor that has been implicated in the tissue-protective effect in the skin and lung. We found that SLPI was induced in lipopolysaccharides-treated colon carcinoma cell line and in the colon of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice.

Synthesis and comparative study on the structural and optical properties of ZnO doped with Ni and Ag nanopowders fabricated by sol gel technique.

In this work we have tried to prepare Ni and Ag doped ZnO nanopowders using the sol gel technique. The influence of Ni and Ag (1, 3 and 5 mol.%) on the crystalline structure and optical properties of ZnO was investigated.

Integrated Structural Analysis of -Glycans and Free Oligosaccharides Allows for a Quantitative Evaluation of ER Stress.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in a variety of diseases. Although ER stress can be detected using specific markers, it is still difficult to quantitatively evaluate the degree of stress and to identify the cause of the stress. The ER is the primary site for folding of secretory or transmembrane proteins as well as the site where glycosylation is initiated.

Bitterness compounds in coffee brew measured by analytical instruments and taste sensing system.

We investigated the bitter compounds in coffee brews using multivariate analysis of the data obtained from analytical instrument and electronic taste sensor experiments. Coffee brews were prepared from coffee beans roasted to four different degrees. Each brew was fractionated into four fractions by liquid-liquid extraction.

X-ray crystallographic structural studies of α-amylase I from Eisenia fetida.

The earthworm Eisenia fetida possesses several cold-active enzymes, including α-amylase, β-glucanase and β-mannanase. E. fetida possesses two isoforms of α-amylase (Ef-Amy I and II) to digest raw starch.

Development of a portable reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification system to detect the E1 region of Chikungunya virus in a cost-effective manner.

Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne disease cause of persistent arthralgia. The current diagnosis of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) relies on a conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a rapid and simple tool used for DNA-based diagnosis of a variety of infectious diseases.