Isolated Terminal Ileitis in Children.

Isolated terminal ileitis in adults is a well described entity that rarely progresses to Crohn disease (CD), and pediatric literature on this topic is very limited. We describe the prevalence, clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and radiological features, along with long-term outcome of isolated terminal ileitis in our institution. We reviewed charts of 956 children who underwent colonoscopy from 2013 to 2017.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) consists of products and practices that are not considered to be a part of conventional medicine. This article reviews pediatric studies on CAM in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) along with relevant adult studies. Prevalence of CAM use ranges from 22% to 84% in children with IBD all over the world.

Mucosal homeostasis is altered in the ileum of gnotobiotic mice.

Background: The microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract is a vast collection of microorganisms implicated in numerous aspects of normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. The use of gnotobiotic mouse models, with single or specific communities of microbes comprising the microbiome, can enhance our understanding of the microbiome-host relationship. We hypothesized that gnotobiotic mice would exhibit differences in mucosal homeostasis when compared with mice with conventional flora (CF).

Prevalence of Anti-tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies and Celiac Disease in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objectives: Celiac disease can occur in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and poses a diagnostic challenge. We evaluated the presence of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies and celiac disease among children with IBD.

Methods: In a retrospective chart review, we assessed the prevalence of tTG antibodies and celiac disease and compared with a control group of children with gastrointestinal symptoms without IBD.

Correlation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C-Reactive Protein With Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity.

We aimed to examine correlation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and with clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiographic disease activity during follow-up. We reviewed charts of 135 children with inflammatory bowel disease and correlated their ESR and CRP values with disease activity in various encounters during 5 years. Normal ESR and CRP values were observed in up to 28% of children with Crohn disease and 42% of children with ulcerative colitis at diagnosis, respectively.

Prevalence and Clinical, Endoscopic, and Pathological Features of Duodenitis in Children.

Objectives: Although gastritis and esophagitis are well studied in children, there is very limited literature on duodenitis in children. We aimed to assess the prevalence, etiology, clinical, endoscopic, and pathological features in a large cohort of unselected children with duodenitis.

Methods: We reviewed the pathology reports of all the upper endoscopies performed at our institution during 5 years to identify children with duodenitis.

Acute Mastoiditis Before Pneumococcal Vaccination: The Experience of a Large Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital.

To report the experience of a large tertiary care pediatric center during a period of increasing Streptococcus pneumoniae antimicrobial resistance before the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in Israel. Retrospective chart review of children diagnosed acute mastoiditis (AM) between January 1997 and December 2007. The children were divided into 4 age groups (6-11, 12-23, 24-35, and 36-40 months), and each group was compared with the others.

Histopathology of duodenal mucosal lesions in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: statistical analysis to identify distinctive features.

Histopathologic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Pediatric patients have a higher incidence of IBD-associated gastritis and duodenitis than do adults. This study aimed to identify histopathologic features of duodenal lesions in the pediatric population that are characteristic of IBD, compared to duodenal pathology of different etiopathogenesis.

Clinical characterization of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children presenting to the emergency department: the experience of a large tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome characterized by elevated intracranial pressure, without evidence of intracranial mass lesion or venous thrombosis on brain imaging. The syndrome occurs mainly in young, fertile, and overweight women but may present in any age group. The aim of this study was to report the presentation, course, and outcomes of older versus younger children presenting with IIH to the emergency department of our large tertiary care hospital during an 8-year period.

Polyethylene glycol: a game-changer laxative for children.

Constipation is a common problem in children worldwide. It can also be a chronic problem persisting for many months to years. Successful treatment of constipation requires long-term use of laxatives.

Maternal inflammatory bowel disease has short and long-term effects on the health of their offspring: a multicenter study in Israel.

Background: There are concerns about the effect of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) on fertility, pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, but no long-term data on the health of offspring born to IBD mothers. The aims were to assess the short- and long-term effects of maternal IBD on the morbidity and development of their offspring.

Methods: Female IBD patients and controls completed questionnaires on their pregnancy outcome, and their offspring's short- and long-term health and development.

IV Penicillin G is as effective as IV cefuroxime in treating community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Overuse of broad-spectrum antimicrobials has resulted in bacterial resistance and increasing use of relatively expensive antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We hypothesized that CAP requiring parenteral medication is still curable with narrow-spectrum and inexpensive penicillin G. A prospective, randomized study was performed on 58 children aged 3 months to 15 years with CAP.

Incidence of traumatic lumbar puncture: experience of a large, tertiary care pediatric hospital.

The objective of this study was to establish the incidence of traumatic or unsuccessful lumbar punctures (LPs) in the authors' institution. This is a prospective study. Traumatic LP was defined as >400 red blood cells (RBCs) and unsuccessful LP as failure to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after the first LP attempt.

Diagnostic accuracy of clinical symptoms and signs in children with meningitis.

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of the classic symptoms and signs of meningitis in infants and children has not been established.

Methods: All children aged 2 months to 16 years with clinically suspected meningitis were eligible for this prospective cohort study at 2 large medical centers between February 2006 and October 2007. Exclusion criteria were severe chronic disease, severe immune deficiency, or idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Comprehensive pouch clinic concept for follow-up of patients after ileal pouch anal anastomosis: report of 3 years' experience in a tertiary referral center.

Background: We designed and evaluated a novel concept in enhancing postoperative care of patients following restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) for ulcerative colitis (UC) and determined the risk factors, incidence, and nature of RPC-associated complications in this population.

Methods: The study cohort consisted of consecutive UC patients post-RPC attending a comprehensive pouch clinic run by a gastroenterologist and a colorectal surgeon in a tertiary care medical center (from January 2003 to December 2005). Data were collected on their medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, pouch endoscopy and biopsies, and anonymous in-house patient satisfaction questionnaires mailed to the first 90 patients.

Trends in neonatology and pediatrics publications over the past 12 years.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the number of publications in Neonatology and Pediatrics increases over time, and to verify whether the categories of publications all follow the same pattern over time.

Design And Setting: We evaluated all Medline articles during 1994-2005. Search was limited to humans, English and to 'newborn' or 'all-child'.