Publications by authors named "Arijit Bhowmik"
Article Synopsis
- Ribosomes are essential machines in cells that synthesize proteins, made up of rRNA and various proteins, through a controlled process called ribosome biogenesis.
- Impairments in ribosome biogenesis can lead to diseases, particularly cancer, as cancer cells often show changes in ribosomal proteins linked to this process.
- This article focuses on how ribosome biogenesis is affected in cancer stem cells, its relationship with conditions like hypoxia and drug resistance, and discusses potential anti-cancer drugs that target ribosome biogenesis.
Article Synopsis
- * Doxorubicin (DOX), a commonly used chemotherapeutic for TNBC, can inadvertently induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CSCs, leading to increased aggression and metastatic capabilities in cancer cells.
- * A new approach involving combining DOX with dietary compound indole 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) is being explored, utilizing advanced drug delivery via exosomes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles to effectively target CSCs and potentially mitigate the adverse effects of DO
Article Synopsis
- * In experiments, PLL showed a strong ability to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells, primarily through mitochondrial pathways and the activation of cleaved caspase-3.
- * The study found that PLL can bind to DNA, contributing to its apoptotic effects, and suggests that caution is needed when using PLL with other chemotherapy treatments due to its potency at various concentrations.
Article Synopsis
- * The presence of CSCs complicates cancer treatment because they can form aggressive tumors that are resistant to drugs and likely to spread (metastasize).
- * The review explores methods to target ACD in CSCs, discussing influences from various proteins, miRNAs, and lncRNAs, as well as existing and potential drugs aimed at this process.
Article Synopsis
- Advances in molecular cancer biology have led to new potential anti-cancer drugs through improved target detection, particularly focusing on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).
- HIF-1α is crucial in tumor adaptation to low oxygen levels and influences processes like cell growth, survival, and cancer spread, making its overexpression linked to worse patient outcomes.
- The review highlights natural and synthetic HIF-1α inhibitors that could foster drug discovery efforts, explaining their mechanisms to aid in the development of effective cancer therapies.
Article Synopsis
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has spread globally, affecting nearly 187 countries with no effective treatment or vaccine available yet.
- Repurposing existing drugs is a key strategy during this pandemic to avoid the lengthy process of developing new treatments.
- Orientin, a natural flavonoid with various health benefits, shows potential in interfering with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its receptor, GRP78, suggesting it may serve as a promising precautionary or therapeutic option against COVID-19.
Background And Objectives: The Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology II with Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE-II) is a vital tool for prognostication in newborns. The study was conducted with the hypothesis that the performance of the SNAPPE-II score might be affected by the presence of sepsis in newborns admitted with possible early onset septicemia and whether score performance varies between culture positive and culture negative sepsis.
Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year (January 2014 to January 2015) in neonates presenting with clinical suspicion of sepsis to the Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to gather data on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters specifically for Indian newborns, focusing on their gestational age.
- Conducted over 7 months, the observational study analyzed ECG data from 364 stable neonates recorded on their third day of life, with a minimum of 30 records for each gestational age from 30 to 42 weeks.
- The results showed no significant difference between heart rates measured by auscultation and ECG; the findings led to the creation of gestation age-specific percentile charts that can serve as a reference for neonatal ECG in Indian infants.
The interrelationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma: a comprehensive study of recent reports.
Signal Transduct Target Ther
January 2021
Article Synopsis
- - Glioma and ischemic stroke are major health issues that can lead to death, with about 10% of stroke patients later developing glioma, indicating a complex relationship between the two conditions.
- - Both glioma and ischemic stroke share common biological processes like hypoxia, inflammation, and angiogenesis, but the specific mechanisms linking them remain unclear.
- - The review discusses how the presence of cancer can alter stroke risk and patient outcomes, highlighting the need for further research on the interaction between these disorders and possible treatment options.
Cerebral ischemic stroke: cellular fate and therapeutic opportunities.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2019
Article Synopsis
- * During low oxygen conditions, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) becomes activated, triggering genes essential for cell survival and the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis).
- * This review will explore the interactions between ROS, HIF-1 alpha, and other signaling pathways in the brain during ischemia-reperfusion, along with current and future treatments for cerebral ischemia.
Article Synopsis
- Current glioblastoma treatments are limited by the blood-brain barrier, which restricts drug delivery to tumor sites.
- To address this, the study developed a nanoformulation of an anticancer compound well-suited for targeted delivery, using nanoparticles encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and tagged with a novel peptide targeting somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2).
- The results showed effective internalization of the nanoparticles into glioma cells, leading to cell death, and selective accumulation of the drugs in rat brain tumors, bypassing the blood-brain barrier and inhibiting key cancer pathways.
Design, synthesis and use of peptoids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed)
January 2017
Article Synopsis
- Genetic variations in cancer cells lead to treatment resistance, highlighting the need for drugs that prevent this issue.
- Peptoids, a new class of drugs, are cost-effective, easy to produce, and offer advantages like protease resistance and non-immunogenic properties.
- Recent advancements in the design and use of peptoids show potential in diagnosing and treating cancers, specifically those of the lung, prostate, and breast.
Article Synopsis
- Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a serious condition with a poor prognosis, and current chemotherapy treatments tend to harm normal cells due to their effects on all rapidly dividing cells.* -
- This study introduces a new approach by encapsulating the anticancer drug nifetepimine in nanoparticles made of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), which enhances targeting to cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy cells.* -
- The research shows that nanoencapsulated nifetepimine effectively enters TNBC cells, leads to cancer cell death, and accumulates at tumor sites in mice, resulting in reduced tumor size and better survival rates.*
Blood brain barrier: a challenge for effectual therapy of brain tumors.
Biomed Res Int
December 2015
Article Synopsis
- Brain tumors are tough to treat, have a poor prognosis, and often relapse, making them a serious health challenge.
- * The blood-brain barrier (BBB) complicates treatment by blocking many drugs from reaching the brain due to its unique structure and transport systems.
- * The review offers insights into the BBB's composition and function, while also discussing advanced drug delivery methods and innovative strategies to effectively treat brain tumors.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to identify common blood abnormalities in HIV-infected children and their relationship with disease severity, conducted in Kolkata, India from 2011 to 2012.
- - Findings revealed that 69% of children were anemic, with anemia and lymphopenia significantly associated with the progression of HIV disease based on WHO clinical stages.
- - Other abnormalities included leucopenia in 34% of children, with a smaller percentage experiencing neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and thrombocytopenia, while two patients had hypoplastic bone marrow at stage 4.
Article Synopsis
- Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is crucial for breast cancer development, with p68 expression being regulated by β-catenin/TCF4 signaling.
- The study employed various methods, including immunohistochemistry and chromatin immunoprecipitation, to analyze the expression and regulation of the p68 gene in breast cancer.
- Results show that β-catenin directly induces p68 transcription, suggesting that Wnt/β-catenin signaling significantly contributes to breast cancer progression.
Article Synopsis
- Stat3 is a key transcription factor linked to cell survival and proliferation, and its phosphorylation at Tyr-705 is often activated in many cancers, but the impact of Ser-727 phosphorylation is less understood.
- Research indicates that CK2, a protein kinase, negatively regulates Stat3 Ser-727 phosphorylation, as shown by a negative correlation in glioma patient samples and increased phosphorylation with CK2 inhibition.
- The phosphorylation state of Ser-727 influences the activity of Stat3's target genes and, crucially, a Stat3 mutant lacking Ser-727 leads to greater tumor aggressiveness in cancer models, pointing to the involvement of the CK2-PP2A pathway in tumor development.
Article Synopsis
- Despite advancements in cancer treatment, 30-40% of breast cancer patients still experience recurrence, highlighting a need for better therapies.
- A novel synthetic compound, 2,2'-diphenyl-3,3'-diindolylmethane (DPDIM), shows promise as an anti-breast cancer agent by inducing cell death (apoptosis) in various breast cancer cell lines and in rats with induced tumors.
- DPDIM works by inhibiting key survival pathways in cancer cells, affecting proteins in the signaling network and activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, making it a potential new therapy for breast cancer.
Article Synopsis
- Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs are effective for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors, which have somatostatin receptors, and this study focuses on a new analog called HYNIC-SATE, labeled with 99mTc.
- The study involves synthesizing HYNIC-SATE and testing its affinity for somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2), as well as its internalization in specific tumor cells, in the context of a glioma model using rats.
- Results show that 99mTc-HYNIC-SATE demonstrated high receptor binding affinity, specific accumulation in tumors, and fast elimination from non-target tissues, suggesting its potential as a promising radiopharmaceutical for SSTR2-positive
Article Synopsis
- - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can show various neurological symptoms, especially in adults, with mononeuritis multiplex being the most frequent type of peripheral nerve involvement.
- - There isn't much research on how SLE affects the nervous system in children, making case reports in this area limited.
- - This report discusses a pediatric SLE case where the patient initially had polyarthritis and later developed mononeuritis multiplex, which was diagnosed through nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing.