Early neutrophil activation and NETs release in the pristane-induced lupus mice model.

Background: NETosis is recognized as an important source of autoantigens. Therefore, we hypothesized whether the pristane-induced lupus mice model shows early activation of neutrophils, the presence of low-density granulocytes (LDGs), and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release, which could contribute to the development of a lupus phenotype.

Methods: Twelve female wild-type Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with pristane (n = 6; pristane group) or saline (n = 6; control group).

Effects of CRAMP on the gut-brain axis in experimental sepsis.

The collaboration between the microbiota, mucosa, and intestinal epithelium is crucial for defending against pathogens and external antigens. Dysbiosis disrupts this balance, allowing pathogens to thrive and potentially enter the bloodstream, triggering immune dysregulation and potentially leading to sepsis. Antimicrobial peptides like LL-37 and CRAMP are pivotal in innate immune defense.

FASTING INCREASES THE SEVERITY OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN A MOUSE MODEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREOPERATIVE INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE COMPLICATIONS OF PANCREATIC SURGERY.

Background: Acute pancreatitis following surgical or endoscopic procedures on the pancreas can compromise the outcome and lead to severe complications and even death. The aim of this study was to determine whether prolonged fasting affects the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods: Male mice were divided into 4 groups: Group CF (n=5) control animals that fasted for 24 hours; Group CNF (n=5) control animals that did not fast; Group APF (n=7) that fasted for 24 hours and underwent induction of acute pancreatitis (AP) and Group APNF (n=7) that did not fast and underwent AP.

SEPTIC SHOCK: LPS TOLERANCE PROTECTS MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS AND RESPIRATION.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a recognized feature of sepsis, characterized by ultrastructural damage, diminished oxidative phosphorylation, and depletion of mitochondrial antioxidant capacity observed in deceased septic patients. LPS tolerance induces a controlled response to sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the function of tolerant mitochondria after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis.

Early prediction of treatment outcome for lenvatinib using F-FDG PET/CT in patients with unresectable or advanced thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioiodine treatment: a prospective, multicentre, non-randomised study.

Background: Lenvatinib is widely used to treat unresectable and advanced thyroid carcinomas. We aimed to determine whether F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) performed 1 week after lenvatinib treatment initiation could predict treatment outcomes.

Results: This was a prospective, nonrandomised, multicentre study.

History and Future of HER2-Targeted Therapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family. It is overexpressed/amplified in approximately 20% of gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers. HER2 is being developed as a therapeutic target in a variety of cancers, and several agents have been shown to be effective in breast cancer.

EGFR inhibition in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells perturbs innate immune signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) elicit potent cell cycle arrest in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which these drugs alter the tumor phenotype that contributes to the immune escape of EGFR-mutant cells. Using EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell lines and tissue samples from patients, we investigated the changes in immune checkpoints expressed in tumor cells following EGFR inhibition.

Crotoxin modulates inflammation and macrophages' functions in a murine sepsis model.

Sepsis is a syndrome of physiological and biochemical abnormalities induced by an infection that represents a major public health concern. It involves the early activation of inflammatory responses. Crotoxin (CTX), the major toxin of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, presents longstanding anti-inflammatory properties.

Short-term Obesity Worsens Heart Inflammation and Disrupts Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function in an Experimental Model of Endotoxemia.

Cardiomyopathy is a well-known complication of sepsis that may deteriorate when accompanied by obesity. To test this hypothesis we fed C57black/6 male mice for 6 week with a high fat diet (60% energy) and submitted them to endotoxemic shock using E. coli LPS (10 mg/kg).

Pro-angiogenic potential of a functionalized hydrogel scaffold as a secretome delivery platform: An innovative strategy for cell homing-based dental pulp tissue engineering.

Angiogenesis is a key process that provides a suitable environment for successful tissue engineering and is even more crucial in regenerative endodontic procedures, since the root canal anatomy limits the development of a vascular network supply. Thus, sustainable and accelerated vascularization of tissue-engineered dental pulp constructs remains a major challenge in cell homing approaches. This study aimed to functionalize a chitosan hydrogel scaffold (CS) as a platform loaded with secretomes of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and evaluate its bioactive function and pro-angiogenic properties.

A new universal force-field for the LiS-PS system.

Lithium thiophosphate electrolyte is a promising material for application in all-solid-state batteries. molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations have been used to investigate the ion conduction mechanisms in single-crystalline and glassy compounds. However, the complexity of real materials (, materials with grain boundaries and multiphase glass-ceramics) causes AIMD simulations to have high computational cost.

Endothelial injury in COVID-19 and septic patients.

Systemic inflammatory response, as observed in sepsis and severe COVID-19, may lead to endothelial damage. Therefore, we aim to compare the extent of endothelial injury and its relationship to inflammation in both diseases. We included patients diagnosed with sepsis (SEPSIS group, n = 21), mild COVID-19 (MILD group, n = 31), and severe COVID-19 (SEVERE group, n = 24).

Cathelicidin protects mice from Rhabdomyolysis-induced Acute Kidney Injury.

Cathelicidins are ancient and well-conserved antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with intriguing immunomodulatory properties in both infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. In addition to direct antimicrobial activity, cathelicidins also participate in several signaling pathways inducing both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and is associated with high mortality and morbidity.

Inflammation Precedes Fat Deposition in an Experimental Model of Lymphedema.

Chronic lymphedema is a common complication of lymphatic obstruction, particularly after cancer treatment, characterized by an increased volume of the affected extremity, partly caused by the accumulation of excessive adipose tissue. The relationship between lymph vessels' obstruction and fat deposit is, however, poorly understood. Our central hypothesis was that the inflammatory process caused by lymph stasis precedes the adipocyte differentiation and fat deposition.

Phase II trial of combination treatment with S-1/cetuximab in patients with platinum-ineligible recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Background: The standard of care for first-line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) in patients who cannot tolerate platinum-based regimens has not been clarified. We aimed to develop a new treatment regimen for patients with R/M SCCHN who are ineligible for platinum-based therapy, by evaluating the effects and safety of tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1) and cetuximab.

Methods: Platinum-ineligibility was defined as: elderly (aged ≥ 75 years), poor PS, comorbidity, platinum resistance and refusal to undergo platinum-based therapy.

A modified mouse-tail lymphedema model.

One of the main obstacles to studying the pathophysiology of lymphedema development is the lack of appropriate experimental models. Fol-lowing up on a mouse-tail method that has been described, we performed changes to the method which made it easier to perform in our hands and demonstrated similar results. Twenty C57Black mice were operated on using the previous tech-nique and euthanized after 3 or 6 weeks.

Hypertonic solution-induced preconditioning reduces inflammation and mortality rate.

Background: Dysregulated inflammatory response is common cause of organ damage in critical care patients. Preconditioning/tolerance is a strategy to prevent exacerbated inflammation. The aim of this study is to analyze hypertonic saline 7.

Endotoxin tolerance modulates TREG and TH17 lymphocytes protecting septic mice.

: Tolerance induces a regulated immune response to infection. We hypothesized that tolerance induction modulated profile of T regulatory cell (Treg) and T lymphocyte 17 (Th17) cells and is related cytokine released in septic animals. : Male black received subcutaneous (s.

The PARP inhibitor olaparib exerts beneficial effects in mice subjected to cecal ligature and puncture and in cells subjected to oxidative stress without impairing DNA integrity: A potential opportunity for repurposing a clinically used oncological drug for the experimental therapy of sepsis.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is involved in the pathogenesis of cell dysfunction, inflammation and organ failure during septic shock. The goal of the current study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib in experimental models of oxidative stress in vitro and in sepsis in vivo. In mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) organ injury markers, circulating and splenic immune cell distributions, circulating mediators, DNA integrity and survival was measured.

Efficacy and safety of cardioversion with continuous landiolol infusion for atrial tachyarrhythmia in an inflammatory state caused by volvulus in a child with TARP syndrome and postoperative tetralogy of Fallot.

A 2-year-old boy was diagnosed with TARP syndrome and underwent surgery for tetralogy of Fallot. He developed fever and had an acute abdomen. After 12 hours, atrial tachyarrhythmia (300 beats/min [bpm]) occurred.

Early prediction of lenvatinib treatment efficacy by using F-FDG PET/CT in patients with unresectable or advanced thyroid carcinoma that is refractory to radioiodine treatment: a protocol for a non-randomized single-arm multicenter observational study.

Introduction: Lenvatinib, an oral molecular targeted drug, is used to treat patients with unresectable or advanced thyroid carcinoma that is refractory to radioiodine treatment. Effective methods for evaluating molecular targeted drugs are a critical unmet need owing to their expensive costs and unique adverse events. The aim of this study is to determine whether F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT at 1 week after commencing lenvatinib can predict treatment outcomes.

Bone Marrow Cells Transplant in Septic Mice Modulates Systemic Inflammatory Response via Cell-Cell Contact.

Sepsis is a dynamic disease, displaying an inflammatory profile that varies over time and for each organ. Controlling the inflammatory response based in targeting a single molecule has been proved useless. We hypothesized that treatment with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMDMCs) may be more efficient to modulate the systemic inflammatory response to infection.

Late Onset of Non-islet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia Managed via Multidisciplinary Treatment in a Patient with a Solitary Fibrous Tumor.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare subtype of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). We herein describe a case of late onset of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) that was managed via multidisciplinary treatment in a patient with SFT. A 67-year-old man previously diagnosed with SFT 4 years prior to this presentation and treated with several rounds of surgery, presented with massive tumors.