Recent findings indicate that human microbiota can excrete trace amines, dopamine, and serotonin. These neurotransmitters (NTs) can either affect classical neurotransmitter signaling or directly trigger trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), with still unclear consequences for host physiology. Compared to gut microbiota, less information is available on the role of skin microbiota in NT production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern that has been exacerbated by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant bacteria. The gut microbiota, often influenced by antibiotic usage, plays a crucial role in overall health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistant genes in the gut microbiota of Indonesian coastal and highland populations, as well as to identify vancomycin-resistant bacteria and their resistant genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Lpl proteins represent a class of lipoproteins that was first described in the opportunistic bacterial pathogen , where they contribute to pathogenicity by enhancing F-actin levels of host epithelial cells and thereby increasing internalization. The model Lpl protein, Lpl1 was shown to interact with the human heat shock proteins Hsp90α and Hsp90ß, suggesting that this interaction may trigger all observed activities. Here we synthesized Lpl1-derived peptides of different lengths and identified two overlapping peptides, namely, L13 and L15, which interacted with Hsp90α.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman microbiome interact reciprocally with the host. Recent findings showed the capability of microorganisms to response towards host signaling molecules, such as hormones. Studies confirmed the complex response of bacteria in response to hormones exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and N-acetyltryptamine (NAT), two pleiotropic molecules with neurotransmitter functions. Here, we report the identification of a SNAT protein in the genus . The SNAT gene identified in ED99, namely , encodes a 140 residues-long cytoplasmic protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraditional oil mining poses negative effects on the environment through pollution with crude oil. One of the traditional mining sites in Wonocolo, Bojonegoro, Indonesia was reported to contaminate the surrounding area with a high level of crude oil. Therefore, this study aims to examine the microbiome profiles of contaminated soil and the rhizosphere of naturalized plants growing at the sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoil salinity and mineral deficiency are major problems in agriculture. Many studies have reported that plant-associated microbiota, particularly rhizosphere and root microbiota, play a crucial role in tolerance against salinity and mineral deficiency. Nevertheless, there are still many unknown parts of plant-microbe interaction, especially regarding their role in halophyte adaptation to coastal ecosystems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRhodomyrtone (Rom) is a plant-derived broad-spectrum antibiotic active against many Gram-positive pathogens. A single point mutation in the regulatory gene (*) confers resistance to Rom in Staphylococcus aureus (RomR). The mutation in * alters the activity of the regulator, FarR*, in such a way that not only its own gene, *, but also the divergently transcribed gene and genes controlled by the global regulator, , are highly upregulated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfter skin injury, wound healing sets into motion a dynamic process to repair and replace devitalized tissues. The healing process can be divided into four overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Skin microbiota has been reported to participate in orchestrating the wound healing both in negative and positive ways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe skin colonizing coagulase-negative causes nosocomial infections and is an important opportunistic and highly adaptable pathogen. To gain more insight into this species, we sequenced the genome of the biofilm positive, methicillin susceptible O47 strain (hereafter O47). This strain belongs to the most frequently isolated sequence type 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aims: Trace amines (TA) are small organic compounds that have neuromodulator activity due to their interaction with some neuron-related receptors, such as trace amine associated receptors (TAARs), α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) and ß-adrenergic receptor (ß-AR). However, there is little information on whether TA and dopamine (DOP) can interact with other adrenergic receptors (ARs) such as the mammalian α1-AR and the bacterial counterpart QseC, which is involved in quorum sensing of some Gram-negative pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of TA and DOP with α1-AR and QseC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCertain skin bacteria are able to convert aromatic amino acids (AAA) into trace amines (TA) that act as neuromodulators. Since the human skin and sweat contain a comparatively high content of AAA one can expect that such bacteria are able to produce TA on our skin. Here we show that TA-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis strains expressing SadA are predominant on human skin and that TA accelerate wound healing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStaphylococcus aureus is a facultative intracellular pathogen. Recently, it has been shown that the protein part of the lipoprotein-like lipoproteins (Lpls), encoded by the lpl cluster comprising of 10 lpls paralogue genes, increases pathogenicity, delays the G2/M phase transition, and also triggers host cell invasion. Here, we show that a recombinant Lpl1 protein without the lipid moiety binds directly to the isoforms of the human heat shock proteins Hsp90α and Hsp90ß.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStaphylococcus aureus is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades a wide range of professional and nonprofessional phagocytes by triggering internalisation by interaction of surface-bound adhesins with corresponding host cell receptors. Here, we identified a new concept of host cell internalisation in animal-pathogenic staphylococcal species. This new mechanism exemplified by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99 is not based on surface-bound adhesins but is due to excreted small neurochemical compounds, such as trace amines (TAs), dopamine (DOP), and serotonin (SER), that render host cells competent for bacterial internalisation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study we addressed the question how a mevalonate (MVA)-auxotrophic Δ mutant can revert to prototrophy. This mutant couldn't grow in the absence of MVA. However, after a long lag-phase of 4-6 days the mutant adapted from auxotrophic to prototrophic phenotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFcontains a certain subclass of lipoproteins, the so-called lipoprotein-like lipoproteins (Lpl's), that not only represent Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands but are also involved in host cell invasion. Here we addressed the question of which factors contribute to Lpl-mediated invasion of epithelial cells and keratinocytes. For this purpose, we compared the invasiveness of USA300 and its Δ mutant under different conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides that contain non-proteinogenic amino acids lanthionine and 3-methyllanthionine and are produced by Gram-positive bacteria. Here we addressed the pros and cons of lantibiotic production for its producing strains. Two staphylococcal strains, S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA subgroup of biogenic amines, the so-called trace amines (TAs), are produced by mammals and bacteria and can act as neuromodulators. In the genus Staphylococcus, certain species are capable of producing TAs through the activity of staphylococcal aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (SadA). SadA decarboxylates aromatic amino acids to produce TAs, as well as dihydroxy phenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan to thus produce the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMost Staphylococcus aureus strains secrete two lipases SAL1 and SAL2 encoded by gehA and gehB. These two lipases differ with respect to their substrate specificity. Staphylococcus hyicus secretes another lipase, SHL, which is in contrast to S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRelease of cytoplasmic proteins into the supernatant occurs both in bacteria and eukaryotes. Because the underlying mechanism remains unclear, the excretion of cytoplasmic proteins (ECP) has been referred to as "non-classical protein secretion." We show that none of the known specific protein transport systems of Gram-positive bacteria are involved in ECP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExcretion of cytoplasmic proteins in pro- and eukaryotes, also referred to as "nonclassical protein export," is a well-known phenomenon. However, comparatively little is known about the role of the excreted proteins in relation to pathogenicity. Here, the impact of two excreted glycolytic enzymes, aldolase (FbaA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), on pathogenicity was investigated in Staphylococcus aureus Both enzymes bound to certain host matrix proteins and enhanced adherence of the bacterial cells to host cells but caused a decrease in host cell invasion.
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