An Unusual Finding: Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region.

A papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a rare tumor of neuroepithelial origin formed from specialized ependymocytes of the subcommissural organ located in the lining of the posterior commissure, not the pineal gland itself. Patients with this type of tumor generally present with nonspecific symptoms secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus such as headache and vision changes. The mean age of patient presentation is 31, with a slight predominance in females.

Atypical Imaging Findings of Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Hemichorea: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Nonketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea (NH-HC) is a rare condition presenting in the clinical setting. Brain imaging plays an important role in diagnosing NH-HC, which typically shows basal ganglia changes contralateral to the side of the hemiballismus/hemichorea. Only a few articles in the literature have reported normal pertinent magnetic resonance/CT findings in patients presenting with NH-HC.

Music to the Ears: An Unusual Case of Frontal Lobe Stroke With Complex Auditory Hallucinations.

Auditory hallucinations are defined as the perception of sensory auditory input in the absence of an external stimulus. It is a multifaceted pathology with a range of symptoms and an even wider range of possible underlying causes. Its lack of true distinctive clinical features along with overlapping symptoms makes distinguishing between etiologies difficult without appropriate workup.

Aducanumab, a Novel Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibody, for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting millions of individuals, including family members who often take on the role as caregiver. This debilitating disease reportedly consumes 8% of the total United States healthcare expenditure, with medical and nursing outlays accounting for an estimated $290 billion. Cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists have historically been the most widely used pharmacologic therapies for patients with AD, however, these drugs are not curative.

Aduhelm, a novel anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A comprehensive review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting millions of individuals, including family members who often take on the role of caregivers. This debilitating disease reportedly consumes 8% of the total United States healthcare expenditure, with medical and nursing outlays accounting for an estimated $290 billion. Cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists have historically been the most widely used pharmacologic therapies for patients with AD; however, these drugs are not curative.

An Unusual Presentation of Vivid Hallucinations.

Visual hallucinations may present secondary to neurologic, psychologic, or physiologic disturbances. Certain features and characteristics of visual hallucination are often attributed to various brain regions; however, with a broad list of causes and multifaceted pathophysiology, it is often hard to accurately localize. Overlapping clinical presentations may be due to the pathology of brain interconnections, rather than isolated brain regions themselves.

A Comprehensive Update of the Current Understanding of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

This is a comprehensive literature review of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We provide a description of the background, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management regarding CFS. CFS is a multifaceted illness that has many symptoms and a wide array of clinical presentations.