Implementation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Quebec: Prospective Validation Study.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects about 25% of people with diabetes in Canada. Early detection of DR is essential for preventing vision loss.

Objective: We evaluated the real-world performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) system that analyzes fundus images for DR screening in a Quebec tertiary care center.

The role of saliency maps in enhancing ophthalmologists' trust in artificial intelligence models.

Purpose: Saliency maps (SM) allow clinicians to better understand the opaque decision-making process in artificial intelligence (AI) models by visualising the important features responsible for predictions. This ultimately improves interpretability and confidence. In this work, we review the use case for SMs, exploring their impact on clinicians' understanding and trust in AI models.

Greener intravitreal injections: a narrative review.

Healthcare services are significant contributors to climate change. Ophthalmology, by virtue of the volume of appointments and procedures it generates, is thought to play a major role in this regard. Intravitreal injections (IVI) are a commonly performed ophthalmological procedure to treat patients with conditions such as macular neovascularisation secondary to neovascular age-related macular disease or myopia, diabetic macular oedema, and retinal vein occlusions.

Intravitreal Injections: Improving Sustainability by Reducing Clinical Waste.

Background: Intravitreal injections are one of the most commonly performed ophthalmic procedures. It is estimated that over 1 million intravitreal injections are performed in Germany annually. The aim of this study was to quantify the waste and carbon footprint associated with single-use injection sets, and to establish a waste reduction strategy.

AI as a Medical Device for Ophthalmic Imaging in Europe, Australia, and the United States: Protocol for a Systematic Scoping Review of Regulated Devices.

Background: Artificial intelligence as a medical device (AIaMD) has the potential to transform many aspects of ophthalmic care, such as improving accuracy and speed of diagnosis, addressing capacity issues in high-volume areas such as screening, and detecting novel biomarkers of systemic disease in the eye (oculomics). In order to ensure that such tools are safe for the target population and achieve their intended purpose, it is important that these AIaMD have adequate clinical evaluation to support any regulatory decision. Currently, the evidential requirements for regulatory approval are less clear for AIaMD compared to more established interventions such as drugs or medical devices.

Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case series and systematic review of the literature.

Introduction: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents may occasionally need to be considered for sight-threatening macular pathology in pregnant and breastfeeding women. This is controversial due to the dearth of data on systemic side effects for mother and child. We aimed to expand the evidence base to inform management.

Impact of an email advice service on filtering and refining ophthalmology referrals in England.

Purpose: The growing capacity-demand imbalance has necessitated the accelerated digital transformation of eye care services. The role of Oxford Eye Hospital's (OEH) email advice service has become even more relevant in the post-Covid era. We sought to evaluate its impact on referrals to secondary care.

Topographic patterns of retinal lesions in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

Purpose: To demonstrate different topographic distributions of multiple-evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) and secondary MEWDS disease and to describe possible associations.

Methods: Clinical evaluation and multimodal retinal imaging in 27 subjects with MEWDS (29 discrete episodes of MEWDS). Ophthalmic assessment included best-corrected visual acuity testing and multimodal retinal imaging with OCT, blue-light autofluorescence, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, fundus photography, and widefield pseudocolor and autofluorescence fundus imaging.

Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure.

Background: Acute primary angle closure (APAC) is a potentially blinding condition. It is one of the few ophthalmic emergencies and carries high rates of visual morbidity in the absence of timely intervention. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) has been the standard of care thus far.

Long-term mortality and recurrent vascular events in lacunar versus non-lacunar ischaemic stroke: A cohort study.

Introduction: Studies of differences in very long-term outcomes between people with lacunar/small vessel disease (SVD) versus other types of ischaemic stroke report mixed findings, with limited data on myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated whether long-term mortality, recurrent stroke and MI risks differ in people with versus without lacunar/SVD ischaemic stroke.

Patients And Methods: We included first-ever strokes from a hospital-based stroke cohort study recruited in 2002-2005.

Intravitreal injections as a leading cause of acute postoperative endophthalmitis-a regional survey in England.

Background: To evaluate the characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of acute postoperative endophthalmitis.

Methods: Patients presenting with acute postoperative endophthalmitis between January 2017 to December 2019 were identified from hospital records in this multicentre retrospective cohort study. Clinical records were reviewed for visual acuity (VA) at various timepoints, cause of endophthalmitis, microbiological results, treatments and complications.

Is stroke incidence increased in survivors of adult cancers? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Existing research hints that people living with and beyond cancer are at an increased risk of stroke. However, there is insufficient evidence to appropriately inform guidelines for specific stroke prevention or management for cancer patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe and quantify stroke incidence in people living with and beyond cancer.

Refractory iatrogenic pigmentary glaucoma secondary to cosmetic laser treatment: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral iatrogenic pigmentary glaucoma secondary to cosmetic iris-lightening laser treatment.

Case Report: A 39-year-old patient presented with bilateral iatrogenic pigmentary glaucoma. She had elevated intraocular pressures (IOPs), scattered iris pitting, and intense angle pigmentation secondary to the cosmetic laser treatment she underwent 4 weeks prior to presentation.

Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) Associated with Progression of Lacquer Cracks in High Myopia.

Purpose: To report a case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) associated with acute progression of lacquer cracks in high myopia.

Case Report: A 41-year-old female patient with high myopia developed typical signs, symptoms, and disease course of MEWDS in her right eye. At the same time, the same eye showed progression of lacquer cracks when compared to images taken 2 months prior.

Safe and Effective Treatment of Intracranial Infantile Hemangiomas with Beta-Blockers.

Infantile hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors but are rarely found in an intracranial location. Our literature review identified 41 reported cases. There is no general consensus on management of these rare lesions and until recently, treatment was limited to surgery or pharmacological management with steroids or interferon.

Lens extraction for chronic angle-closure glaucoma.

Background: Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is characterized by a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) secondary to aqueous outflow obstruction, with relative pupillary block being the most common underlying mechanism. There is increasing evidence that lens extraction may relieve pupillary block and thereby improve IOP control. As such, comparing the effectiveness of lens extraction against other commonly used treatment modalities can help inform the decision-making process.

Outcomes of cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome in England: 10-year retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome in a real-world National Health Service setting.

Setting: Prince Charles Eye Unit, Windsor, United Kingdom.

Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study.