Depression as a prognostic factor for lumbar spinal stenosis outcomes: a systematic review.

Purpose: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is associated with increased levels of psychological distress, including depression; however, the prognostic value of depression remains unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on the prognostic value of depression for a range of outcomes in patients with LSS.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were prospective cohort studies that investigated depression in patients diagnosed with LSS.

Take -home naloxone rescue kits following heroin overdose in the emergency department to prevent opioid overdose related repeat emergency department visits, hospitalization and death- a pilot study.

Background: Opioid overdoses are at an epidemic in the United States causing the deaths of thousands each year. Project DAWN (Deaths Avoided with Naloxone) is an opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution program in Ohio that distributes naloxone rescue kits at clinics and in the emergency departments of a single hospital system.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analytic cohort study comparing heroin overdose survivors who presented to the emergency department and were subsequently discharged.

Spinal Cord Stimulation: Comparing Traditional Low-frequency Tonic Waveforms to Novel High Frequency and Burst Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of the present investigation is to summarize supporting evidence for novel sub-perception spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy over traditional paresthesia inducing low-frequency waveforms for the treatment of chronic pain. The focus of this review is to summarize key studies comparing traditional low-frequency tonic waveforms to modern high frequency and burst stimulation for the treatment of patients with chronic intractable low back pain and/or leg pain.

Recent Findings: Several recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of novel SCS therapies over traditional low-frequency SCS for the treatment of patients with chronic low back and/or leg pain.

Muscle cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathway contributes to the exaggerated muscle mechanoreflex in rats with congestive heart failure.

Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes are responsible for the formation from arachidonic acid of prostaglandins, among other metabolites. Prior studies have suggested that inhibition of the COX pathway attenuates the responses of sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure during static muscle contraction. Static muscle contraction activates the exercise pressor reflex, which in turn increases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure.

Endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide induces apoptosis via mitochondrial damage independent of NF-kappaB and p53 activation in bovine embryos.

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) has been implicated as a key molecule in arresting embryonic development; however, its mechanism of action is not fully established. The aim of the present study was to determine the chronological generation of H(2)O(2) from oocyte to morula, and to examine the relationship of H(2)O(2) with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB), p53, caspase-3 activation, and cell death in bovine embryos in vitro. Accordingly, superoxide anion radicals were detected between 32 and 120 h after in vitro fertilization, but higher percentages of oxygen radicals were found in non-competent embryos (n=73, 22 to 34%) than in competent embryos (n=73, 0 to 1%; P<0.