Less fit Lamium amplexicaule plants produce more dispersible seeds.

Theory predicts that less fit individuals would disperse more often than fitter ones (Fitness Associated Dispersal, FAD hypothesis). To test this prediction under laboratory conditions, an entire life cycle of Lamium amplexicaule plants and the preferences of its dispersal agent, Messor ebeninus ants, were tracked. Characterization of individual L.

Dispersing away from bad genotypes: the evolution of Fitness-Associated Dispersal (FAD) in homogeneous environments.

Background: Dispersal is a major factor in ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Although empirical evidence shows that the tendency to disperse varies among individuals in many organisms, the evolution of dispersal patterns is not fully understood. Previous theoretical studies have shown that condition-dependent dispersal may evolve as a means to move to a different environment when environments are heterogeneous in space or in time.

Interactions of suboesophageal ganglion and frontal ganglion motor patterns in the locust.

Although locust feeding has been well studied, our understanding of the neural basis of feeding-related motor patterns is still far from complete. This paper focuses on interactions between the pattern of rhythmic movements of the mouth appendages, governed by the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), and the foregut movements, controlled by the frontal ganglion (FG), in the desert locust. In vitro simultaneous extracellular nerve recordings were made from totally isolated ganglia as well as from fully interconnected SOG-FG and brain-SOG-FG preparations.