Progestin-impregnated intravaginal sponges for estrus induction and synchronization influences on goats vaginal flora and antimicrobial susceptibility.

The objective was to characterize vaginal bacteria, their antimicrobial sensitivity, and the incidence of vaginitis, in goats before and after insertion of intravaginal sponges containing progesterone. Sponges were inserted in 37 Saanen goats and removed after 6, 9 or 12d (G6, G9 and G12). At sponge removal, all goats had clinical signs of vaginitis.

In vitro production of llama (Lama glama) embryos by IVF and ICSI with fresh semen.

The interest for South American camelids has increased in the last years. The aim of the present research was to compare the in vitro production of Lama glama embryos using two techniques: in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). For IVF technique, we compared the effect of adding or not, heparin, penicillamine and hypotaurine as sperm capacitating agents.