Identifying Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in the Dental Setting in an Asian Population-A Clinical Risk Model.

Aim: To assess the glycaemic status of Asian patients in a tertiary care dental setting and develop a risk model for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material And Methods: A total of 1074 participants completed a diabetes risk test questionnaire, full-mouth periodontal examination and a point-of-care HbA1c finger-prick blood test. Univariable logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of potential factors to predict DM, with confirmed diabetes as the outcome.

Do systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole during the non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment phase prevent the need for future surgical treatment? A retrospective long-term cohort study.

Aim: The aim of this retrospective long-term follow-up of a 3-month RCT was to assess whether non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment with adjunctive systemic antibiotics influenced the need for additional surgical treatment.

Materials And Methods: Patients enrolled in an aftercare programme following non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment, with or without systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole, were analysed. Data had previously been collected pre-treatment (T) and 3 months after treatment (T) and were additionally collected during subsequent aftercare visits, until the final assessment (T).

Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant in United States Periodontitis Patients.

Antibiotic resistance patterns of the major human periodontal pathogen were assessed over a 20-year period in the United States. Subgingival was cultured pre-treatment from 2193 severe periodontitis patients during three time periods: 1999-2000 (936 patients), 2009-2010 (685 patients), and 2019-2020 (572 patients). The clinical isolates were tested for in vitro resistance to 4 mg/L for clindamycin and doxycycline, 8 mg/L for amoxicillin, and 16 mg/L for metronidazole, with a post hoc combination of data for metronidazole plus amoxicillin.

Europe's contribution to the evaluation of the use of systemic antimicrobials in the treatment of periodontitis.

This narrative review celebrates Europe's contribution to the current knowledge on systemically administered antimicrobials in periodontal treatment. Periodontitis is the most frequent chronic noncommunicable human disease. It is caused by dysbiotic bacterial biofilms and is commonly treated with subgingival instrumentation.

Evaluation of a Rapid Biological Spore Test for Dental Instrument Sterilization.

Aim: This study evaluated the reliability of a new rapid biological spore test (BST) for determining the sterilization efficacy of dental steam autoclaves within 20 minutes, as compared to a conventional BST requiring 2 days of incubation after autoclave exposure.

Materials And Methods: A total of 177 pairs of BST, each composed of a rapid test (Celerity™ 20 Steam Biologic Indicator, Steris) and a conventional BST (Attest™ 1262 Biological Indicator, 3M), both containing spores, were placed into steam autoclaves loaded with instruments, and subjected to either sterilizing (157 pairs) or non-sterilizing conditions (20 pairs). Celerity™ BST was then incubated for 20 minutes at 57°C, with the growth medium evaluated spectrophotometrically for fluorescent α-glucosidase signal changes (no change with successful sterilization; increased fluorescence after failed sterilization).

Erythritol air polishing in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To compare erythritol air polishing with implant surface cleansing using saline during the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.

Material And Methods: During a resective surgical intervention, implant surfaces were randomly treated with either air polishing (test group n = 26 patients/53 implants) or saline-soaked cotton gauzes (control group n = 31 patients/ 40 implants). Primary outcome was change in mean bleeding on probing (BoP) from baseline to 12 months follow-up.

Systemic antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment: A single-blind RCT.

Aim: The aim of this single-blind RCT was to evaluate the adjunctive clinical and microbiological effect of systemic amoxicillin (AMX) plus metronidazole (MTZ) to non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.

Material And Methods: Patients (N = 62) with peri-implantitis were randomly assigned to receive full-mouth mechanical debridement and decontamination and use of chlorhexidine (control group) or combined with antibiotic therapy of AMX/MTZ (test group). Primary outcome was change in bleeding score from baseline (T ) to 3-month follow-up (T ).

Erythritol airpolishing in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To compare erythritol air polishing with piezoelectric ultrasonic scaling in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.

Material And Methods: Eighty patients (n = 139 implants) with peri-implantitis (probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥5 mm, marginal bone loss (MBL) ≥2 mm as compared to bone level at implant placement, bleeding, and/or suppuration on probing (BoP/SoP)) were randomly allocated to air polishing or ultrasonic treatment. The primary outcome was mean BoP (%) at 3 months after therapy (T3).

Effect of Anti-Rheumatic Treatment on the Periodontal Condition of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

Periodontitis, a bacterial-induced infection of the supporting soft and hard tissues of the teeth (the periodontium), is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As RA and periodontitis underlie common inflammatory pathways, targeting the progression of RA might mediate both periodontitis and RA. On the other hand, patients with RA on immunosuppressive medication have an increased risk of infection.

Biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy implants, untreated and non-surgically treated implants with peri-implantitis.

Aim: To compare biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of healthy implants with levels in PICF of implants with peri-implantitis (before and after non-surgical treatment).

Materials And Methods: Samples were taken from 20 healthy implants (n = 17 patients) and from 20 implants with peri-implantitis (n = 19 patients) before and 3 months after non-surgical treatment using the Airflow Master Piezon (EMS). A Luminex™ assay was used to evaluate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and G-CSF, collagen degradation enzyme MMP-8, chemokines MCP-1 & MIP-1α/CCL3, bone markers OPG and sRANKL and interferon-γ.

Antibiotic Resistance of Human Periodontal Pathogen Over 10 Years.

Changes were evaluated over 10 years in the in vitro resistance of human periodontopathic strains of to four antibiotics. Subgingival biofilms culture positive for from 300 United States adults with severe periodontitis in 2006, and from a similar group of 300 patients in 2016, were plated onto anaerobically incubated enriched Brucella blood agar alone, or supplemented with either doxycycline (4 mg/L), clindamycin (4 mg/L), amoxicillin (8 mg/L), or metronidazole (16 mg/L). growth on antibiotic-supplemented media indicated in vitro resistance to the evaluated antibiotic concentration.

Non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment using a pocket irrigator device; clinical, microbiological, radiographical and patient-centred outcomes-A pilot study.

Aim: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the effect of a pocket irrigator/evacuator device (IED) in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.

Material And Methods: In total 24 patients having 38 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis were included in this study. Peri-implant pockets were irrigated six times in three consecutive weeks.

Influence of Cervical Crown Contour on Marginal Bone Loss Around Platform-Switched Bone-Level Implants: A 5-Year Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of the cervical crown contour on marginal bone loss and soft tissue health around platform-switched, posteriorly placed, two-piece implants.

Materials And Methods: A dataset from two previously conducted studies was used. Patients with single two-piece, platform-switched implants in between two natural teeth or adjacent to one natural tooth were included.

Comparative In Vitro Resistance of Human Periodontal Bacterial Pathogens to Tinidazole and Four Other Antibiotics.

The in vitro resistance of selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens to tinidazole was compared with four other antibiotics. Subgingival biofilm samples from 88 adults with severe periodontitis were anaerobically incubated on enriched Brucella blood agar with and without supplementation with tinidazole (16 mg/L), metronidazole (16 mg/L), amoxicillin (8 mg/L), doxycycline (4 mg/L), or clindamycin (4 mg/L). Growth of , , or on antibiotic-supplemented plates indicated their in vitro antibiotic resistance.

Gingimaps: Protein Localization in the Oral Pathogen .

is an oral pathogen involved in the widespread disease periodontitis. In recent years, however, this bacterium has been implicated in the etiology of another common disorder, the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis were known to correlate for decades, but only recently a possible molecular connection underlying this association has been unveiled.

Untargeted metabolomics of the bacterial tongue coating of intra-oral halitosis patients.

Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) refers to an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity that is mainly caused by the tongue coating. Although the tongue coating microbiome is thought to play an essential role in IOH, the exact aetiology of IOH remains unclear. Here we investigated and compared the metabolic profiles of the tongue coating microbiomes of patients with IOH versus healthy control.

A Secreted Bacterial Peptidylarginine Deiminase Can Neutralize Human Innate Immune Defenses.

The keystone oral pathogen is associated with severe periodontitis. Intriguingly, this bacterium is known to secrete large amounts of an enzyme that converts peptidylarginine into citrulline residues. The present study was aimed at identifying possible functions of this citrullinating enzyme, named peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), in the periodontal environment.

Talk to your gut: the oral-gut microbiome axis and its immunomodulatory role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.

Microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively called the microbiome, are critical modulators of immunity. This notion is underpinned by associations between changes in the microbiome and particular autoimmune disorders. Specifically, in rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most frequently occurring autoimmune disorders worldwide, changes in the oral and gut microbiomes have been implicated in the loss of tolerance against self-antigens and in increased inflammatory events promoting the damage of joints.

Phenotypic identification of periodontal Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens group isolates validated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

The accuracy of a phenotypic scheme to recognize periodontal Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens group clinical isolates on primary isolation culture plates was assessed with matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A total of 84 fresh subgingival isolates from 23 chronic periodontitis patients were presumptively recognized on anaerobically-incubated enriched Brucella blood agar primary isolation plates as P. intermedia/nigrescens based on their dark-pigmented colony morphology, brick-red autofluorescence under long-wave ultraviolet light, and a negative fluorescence test for lactose production.

There's no place like OM: Vesicular sorting and secretion of the peptidylarginine deiminase of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major periodontal agents and it has been recently hailed as a potential cause of the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, the peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme of P. gingivalis (PPAD) has been implicated in the citrullination of certain host proteins and the subsequent appearance of antibodies against citrullinated proteins, which might play a role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.

The tongue microbiome in healthy subjects and patients with intra-oral halitosis.

Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is an unpleasant odor emanating from the oral cavity. It is thought that the microbiota of the dorsal tongue coating plays a crucial role in this condition. The aim of the study was to investigate the composition of the tongue microbiome in subjects with and without IOH.

Autoantibodies against citrullinated histone H3 in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis patients.

Aim: To determine the presence of citrullinated histones in inflamed periodontal tissue and to determine the presence of anti-citrullinated histone autoantibodies in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD) patients.

Methods: The presence of citrullinated histone H3, PAD4 and CD68 was determined in 15 periodontal tissue biopsies from PD patients by immunohistochemistry. Sera from 36 healthy controls (HC), 113 PD patients and 84 patients with RA were assessed on presence of autoantibodies against citrullinated histones by Western blot and against citrullinated histone H3 by ELISA.

Introduction to Clinical Microbiology for the General Dentist.

Clinical oral microbiology may help dental professionals identify infecting pathogenic species and evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. Saliva, dental plaque biofilms, mucosal smears, abscess aspirates, and soft tissue biopsies are sources of microorganisms for laboratory testing. Microbial-based treatment end points may help clinicians better identify patients in need of additional or altered dental therapies before the onset of clinical treatment failure, and help improve patient oral health outcomes.

Extracellular Proteome and Citrullinome of the Oral Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen associated with the inflammatory disease periodontitis. Periodontitis and P. gingivalis have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis.