Association of obesity and muscle mass with risk of albuminuria in renal transplant recipients.

Background: Increased albuminuria is a predictor of graft loss in kidney graft recipients. It is unknown whether obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of increased albuminuria in this population. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between obesity and albuminuria in renal transplant recipients.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Production in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line by a Vitamin D Receptor-Independent Mechanism.

Previously, we have reported that the active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol and vitamin D (cholecalciferol), both remarkably inhibit hepatitis C virus production. The mechanism by which vitamin D exerts its effect is puzzling due to the low levels of calcitriol produced in vitamin D-treated Huh7.5 cells.

Effect of Acetazolamide on Obesity-Induced Glomerular Hyperfiltration: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aims: Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. One of the major factors involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated kidney disease is glomerular hyperfiltration. Increasing salt-delivery to the macula densa is expected to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by activating tubuloglomerular feedback.

Changes in inflammatory markers during a hemodialysis session and their relation to vascular access type.

Purpose: In an attempt to better understand the relationship between vascular access and inflammation we assessed the effect of vascular access on inflammatory markers changes during hemodialysis (HD) session.

Methods: Fifty HD patients were included: 23 patients with central venous catheters (CVC) and 27 patients with arteriovenous fistulas (AVF). Blood samples for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF α) were collected before and after HD session.

Vitamin D: an innate antiviral agent suppressing hepatitis C virus in human hepatocytes.

Unlabelled: Vitamin D supplementation was reported to improve the probability of achieving a sustained virological response when combined with antiviral treatment against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our aim was to determine the in vitro potential of vitamin D to inhibit HCV infectious virus production and explore the mechanism(s) of inhibition. Here we show that vitamin D(3) remarkably inhibits HCV production in Huh7.

The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio: assessment of its performance in the renal transplant recipient population.

Background And Objectives: Microalbuminuria predicts graft loss and death in the renal transplant population. Measurement of the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is recommended for its detection. There is uncertainty regarding the optimal UACR cutoff values.

Obesity-induced glomerular hyperfiltration: its involvement in the pathogenesis of tubular sodium reabsorption.

Background: Obesity is associated with hypertension and glomerular hyperfiltration. A major mechanism responsible for the obesity-associated hypertension is renal salt retention. An increased glomerular filtration fraction (FF) is expected to raise postglomerular oncotic pressure and to increase proximal tubular sodium reabsorption.

Renin-angiotensin system blockade prevents the increase in plasma transforming growth factor beta 1, and reduces proteinuria and kidney hypertrophy in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.

Introduction: Combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is used to improve renal outcome achieved by monotherapy in diabetic patients. In addition, interference with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduced expression and excretion of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interrupting the RAS by ACE inhibitor (ACE-I) or ARB monotherapy or by combination therapy on proteinuria, kidney hypertrophy and plasma TGF-beta 1 in diabetic rats.

Coenzyme Q10 in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Background: The number of patients awaiting heart transplantation is increasing in proportion to the waiting period for a donor. Studies have shown that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a beneficial effect on patients with heart failure.

Hypothesis: The purpose of the present double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was to assess the effect of CoQ10 on patients with end-stage heart failure and to determine if CoQ10 can improve the pharmacological bridge to heart transplantation.

Insulin and losartan reduce proteinuria and renal hypertrophy in the pregnant diabetic rat.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and angiotensin II (AngII) on renal hypertrophy and proteinuria in the pregnant diabetic rat. Secondary objectives were to evaluate changes in components of the renin-angiotensin axis and the effects of administration of losartan on pregnancy outcome. Fifty-three pregnant rats were allocated to 6 groups (1) nondiabetic controls (n = 12), (2) nondiabetic controls administered losartan (70-80 mg/kg/day; n = 10), (3) rats in which intravenous streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes (55 mg/kg on day 10 of pregnancy; n = 10), (4) diabetic rats treated with losartan (n = 7), (5) diabetic rats treated with insulin (4 U/day; n = 7), and (6) diabetic rats treated with insulin and losartan (n = 7).

Involvement of human heparanase in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Decreased heparan sulfate proteoglycan content of the glomerular basement membrane has been described in proteinuric patients with diabetic nephropathy. Heparanase is an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase that cleaves negatively charged heparan sulfate side chains in the basement membrane and extracellular matrix.

Objectives: To investigate whether urine from type I diabetic patients differs in heparanase activity from control subjects and whether resident glomerular cells could be the source of urinary heparanase.

The contribution of an arteriovenous access for hemodialysis to left ventricular hypertrophy.

Background: The long-term isolated contribution of hemodialysis arteriovenous access (AVA) to cardiac hemodynamics has not been previously investigated in a prospective manner.

Methods: Twelve predialysis patients were studied before and 1 and 3 months after creation of a primary AVA. Evaluation included relevant clinical parameters, echocardiographic studies, and hemodynamic hormones.