A multi-disciplinary model of risk factors for fatal outcome in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate the relative impact of clinical data, imaging findings, and CSF laboratory values on clinical outcome in patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Methods: 47 patients with PRES who underwent a lumbar puncture were retrospectively evaluated. Fatal outcome was defined as death directly ascribed to PRES toxicity.

Value of prominent flow voids without cord edema in the detection of spinal arteriovenous fistulae.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (SDAVF) in patients presenting with prominent vascular flow voids on imaging without other imaging findings suggestive of SDAVF.

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients from January 1, 2005 to March 1, 2012 who underwent spinal angiography for suspected SDAVF with prominent vascular flow voids on prior imaging. We excluded patients with other major spinal pathology or other imaging findings of SDAVF including cord hyperintensity, enhancement, or expansion.

Growth factor signalling in prostatic growth: significance in tumour development and therapeutic targeting.

The intricate balance maintained between cell growth and proliferation factors and apoptosis-inducing factors is fundamental to the regulation of prostate growth. Disruptions in this homeostasis often trigger the loss of apoptosis and the over-expression of factors promoting cell survival and proliferation, inevitably leading to tumorigenesis and cancer. Deregulation of prostate growth during prostate cancer development and progression is characterized by apoptotic evasion, uncontrolled proliferation, and increased invasive potential.