Evolution of Subclinical Hypothyroidism Diagnosed in the First 3 Months of Life in Newborns Living in North Italy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) management in neonatal age opens important questions. We aimed to describe the evolution over time of subclinical hypothyroidism diagnosed in the first three months of life in a population of full-term neonates.

Methods: A single-center longitudinal retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care center was conducted.

Supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632 strains improved insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents with obesity in a cross-over, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Variations in gut microbiota might impact metabolism leading to body weight excess. We assessed the impact of a probiotic supplementation in pediatric obesity on weight, metabolic alterations, selected gut microbial groups, and functionality.

Methods: Cross-over, double-blind, randomized control trial (BIFI-OBESE trial; NCT03261466).

The relationship between cortisol and IGF-I influences metabolic alteration in pediatric overweight and obesity.

Background/objective: Data on metabolic impairments in Cushing's syndrome and GH deficiency all suggest that the relationship between cortisol and GH/IGF-I axis in obesity may have a role in the related diseases. However, studies focusing only on one of these hormones are often controversial in paediatrics. We aimed to explore the simultaneous relationship between cortisol and IGF-I with the metabolic alterations in paediatric obesity.

A Systematic Review of the Association of Skipping Breakfast with Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. What Should We Better Investigate in the Future?

The incidence of skipping breakfast in pediatric subjects is rising, and a relationship with overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) has been shown. Associations with cardiovascular outcomes and skipping breakfast in adults have been reported. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the association of skipping breakfast with body weight and metabolic outcomes in the pediatric population.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among School Children and Adolescents Living in Northern Italy and Unhealthy Food Behaviors Associated to Overweight.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the differences in Mediterranean diet and its components among primary and secondary school children and adolescents living in northern Italy, and the associations with the weight status. Adherence was assessed by the KIDMED (Mediterranean Diet Quality Index) questionnaire on 669 subjects (6⁻16 years) attending five schools of Novara. The adherence was poor in 16.

Three-Month Feeding Integration With Strains Prevents Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Newborns.

Infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in the first months of life. Their pathogenesis remains unknown although evidences suggest multiple independent causes, including gut microbiota modifications. Feeding type, influencing the composition of intestinal microbiota, could play a significant role in the pathogenesis.