The politics of vaccination: a closer look at the beliefs, social norms, and prevention behaviors related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake within two US political parties.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and suboptimal vaccine uptake rates are pressing public health challenges. Vaccine hesitancy has been observed for different vaccines. For COVID-19 vaccines, multiple factors influence vaccine uptake in the U.

Spatial and neighborhood-level correlates of lay naloxone reversal events and service availability.

Background: The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to surge, reaching record deaths from opioid and fentanyl overdoses in 2020. This study analyzes spatial and neighborhood correlates of free naloxone distribution sites as well as overdose and naloxone reversal events in Baltimore, Maryland, which has one of the highest overdose rates in the country.

Methods: Using data from a randomized clinical trial on HIV prevention among people using substances in Baltimore, Maryland, as well as demographic data from the US Census Bureau, we conducted: (1) exploratory spatial visualizations of census tracts' minimum distance to naloxone distribution sites, (2) univariable Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare census tracts on demographic metrics, and (3) bivariable and multivariable negative binomial regression models to assess associations between census tract characteristics and naloxone reversal events.

Social norms and prevention behaviors in the United States early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The current study assessed how social norms were associated with the three effective Covid-19 prevention behaviors of social distancing, handwashing, and wearing protective face masks during the early stages of the pandemic in the US. Study participants were recruited online. Data from the present study was from a baseline quantitative survey administered from March 25-27, 2020.

COVID-19 vaccine intentions in the United States, a social-ecological framework.

Background: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle for pandemic mitigation. As vaccine hesitancy occurs along multiple dimensions, we used a social-ecological framework to guide the examination of COVID-19 vaccine intentions.

Methods: Using an online survey in the US conducted in July 2020, we examined intentions to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine, once available.