This article summarizes and compares 18 sets of guidelines for adult obesity treatment, highlighting key recommendations for patient evaluation, lifestyle intervention, anti-obesity medications (AOMs), and metabolic and bariatric surgery. Guidelines are consistent in many regards, although there is divergence regarding preferred AOMs. Metabolic and bariatric surgery is still recognized as the most durable form of obesity treatment, and newer guidelines suggest these procedures at lower BMI thresholds for people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol
September 2024
Obesity is a global health concern. Progress in understanding the physiology of obesity and weight reduction has provided new drug targets. Development and testing of new antiobesity medications (AOMs) has the potential to quickly expand options for treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Adults with binge-eating disorder (BED), compared with those without BED, demonstrate higher blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to food cues in reward-related regions of the brain. It is not known whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can reverse this reward system hyperactivation. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed changes in BOLD response to binge-eating cues following CBT versus wait-list control (WLC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A plethora of weight management apps are available, but many individuals, especially those living with overweight and obesity, still struggle to achieve adequate weight loss. An emerging area in weight management is the support for one's self-regulation over momentary eating impulses.
Objective: This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted weight management app in improving eating behaviors in a Southeast Asian cohort.
Rationale & Objective: Limited data exist on longitudinal kidney outcomes after nonsurgical obesity treatments. We investigated the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention on kidney function over 10 years.
Study Design: Post hoc analysis of Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) randomized controlled trial.
Over the last century, hundreds of evaluations have been conducted to examine weight-management interventions related to diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy. These investigations have contributed to a growing body of knowledge that has consistently advanced the field of obesity treatment, while also revealing some persistent challenges. This narrative review summarizes key findings from randomized controlled trials conducted in adults that have combined diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy, an approach variously referred to as behavioral treatment, comprehensive lifestyle modification, or intensive lifestyle intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the existence of effective treatments, obesity continues to present a severe public health crisis. Limited access to treatments works against efforts to reduce obesity prevalence. A major barrier to treatment access is a lack of insurance coverage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFormula and breastfeeding are known factors associated with infant weight trajectories. Evidence exploring the effect of expressed human milk feeding on infant weight in the community setting has not been well synthesized. This systematic review examined (1) weight changes among infants fed expressed human milk and (2) differences in weight change between infants fed expressed human milk and infants fed at the breast or infant formula via bottle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Womens Health (Larchmt)
June 2024
Nutrition in pregnancy is a component of the Council on Resident Education in obstetrics and gynecology core curriculum; however, no studies currently examine adherence to this goal. Our objective was to assess obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents' education and knowledge surrounding nutrition in pregnancy, including (1) amount of dedicated didactic time to and attitudes toward, (2) subjective comfort in counseling patients on, and (3) objective knowledge of pregnancy-related nutrition. This is a cross-sectional electronic survey-based study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cardiovasc Nurs
December 2024
Objective: Food insecurity is associated with reduced dietary quality and excess weight gain. However, interventions that are effective for obesity among individuals with food insecurity are unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize studies in which authors examined interventions for obesity among adults with food insecurity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: This review examines lifestyle modification for obesity management with the goal of identifying treatment components that could support the use of a new generation of anti-obesity medications (AOMs).
Recent Findings: Semaglutide reliably reduces baseline body weight by approximately 15% at 68 weeks, in contrast to 5-10% for lifestyle modification. Tirzepatide induces mean losses as great as 20.
Background: It is not known whether behavioral weight loss can attenuate blood oxygen level-dependent responses to food stimuli.
Objectives: This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of a commercially available behavioral weight loss program (WW, WeightWatchers) compared to a wait-list control on blood oxygen level-dependent response to food cues.
Methods: Females with obesity ( N = 61) were randomized to behavioral weight loss or wait-list control.
The effects of tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on weight reduction after successful intensive lifestyle intervention are unknown. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized (1:1) adults with body mass index ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m and at least one obesity-related complication (excluding diabetes), who achieved ≥5.0% weight reduction after a 12-week intensive lifestyle intervention, to tirzepatide maximum tolerated dose (10 or 15 mg) or placebo once weekly for 72 weeks (n = 579).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood insecurity affects more than 40 million individuals in the United States and is linked to negative health outcomes due, in part, to poor dietary quality. Despite the emergence of metabolomics as a modality to objectively characterize nutritional biomarkers, it is unclear whether food security is associated with any biomarkers of dietary quality. This scoping review aims to summarize studies that examined associations between nutritional biomarkers and food security, as well as studies that investigated metabolomic differences between people with and without food insecurity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubst Abuse Rehabil
August 2023
Similarities have been reported between the diagnostic and associated characteristics of binge-eating disorder (BED) and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders. This has resulted in interest in using addiction models to inform clinical care for people with BED. The purpose of this paper was to review features of addiction in BED with a focus on clinical implications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/purpose: Obesity in midlife is an established risk factor for dementia. In middle-aged adults, elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower neurocognition and smaller hippocampal volumes. It is unclear whether behavioral weight loss (BWL) can improve neurocognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv
October 2023
The current cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effects of psychosocial factors and technology use on disordered eating in college students (aged 18 to 23 years) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. An online survey was distributed between February and April 2021. Participants completed questionnaires on eating disorder behaviors and cognitions, depressive symptoms, anxiety, impacts of the pandemic across personal and social domains, social media use, and screen time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhile various influencing factors of overweight and obesity have been identified, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We examined the relationships among sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychological factors on anthropometry in a multi-ethnic population with overweight and obesity. Participants ( = 251) were recruited from January to October 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This review synthesized literature on the relationship between food insecurity and binge eating.
Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and gray literature from inception to October 2022. Eligible studies included primary research that assessed the relationship between food insecurity and binge eating.
Objective: To assess the efficacy of liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, for binge eating disorder (BED).
Methods: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m enrolled in a pilot, 17-week double-blind, randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.
Losses of 5-10% or more of initial body weight are associated with improvements in obesity-related comorbidities. However, attaining and sustaining this level of weight loss is challenging. The novel anti-obesity medication semaglutide 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc
May 2024
Background: Disordered eating is common but underrecognized in people with obesity and the relationship of food insecurity, mood, and binge-spectrum eating disorders has not been well addressed in samples with higher weight. Young adults are particularly vulnerable to developing disordered eating.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of food insecurity, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and loneliness among young adults (aged 18-35 years) who screened positive for binge-spectrum eating disorders (i.