Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with metformin and digoxin synergistically inhibit MCF-7 breast cancer cells through suppression of NOTCH-1 and HIF-1α gene expression.

This study investigated the potential anticancer efficacy of co-treating the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) loaded with metformin (Met) and digoxin (Dig). The Cs NPs had a size range of 90.6-148.

Codelivery of metformin and methotrexate with optimized chitosan nanoparticles for synergistic triple-negative breast cancer therapy in vivo.

The development of effective therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options, remains a critical challenge. This study aimed to design and evaluate a combination therapy using chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) loaded with metformin (Met) and methotrexate (MTX) as a promising approach for TNBC management. The Cs NPs exhibited an average size of 78.