AUTOMATED VENTRICLE PARCELLATION AND EVAN'S RATIO COMPUTATION IN PRE- AND POST-SURGICAL VENTRICULOMEGALY.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a brain disorder associated with enlarged ventricles and multiple cognitive and motor symptoms. The degree of ventricular enlargement can be measured using magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and characterized quantitatively using the Evan's ratio (ER). Automatic computation of ER is desired to avoid the extra time and variations associated with manual measurements on MRI.

The Role of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessing Neurovascular Compression Before Microvascular Decompression in Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Background: Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a standard component of the preoperative clinical workup for patients before microvascular decompression (MVD). However, its ability to accurately exclude neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve is not well understood.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1020 patients with available preoperative MRI data before microvascular decompression.

A joint ventricle and WMH segmentation from MRI for evaluation of healthy and pathological changes in the aging brain.

Age-related changes in brain structure include atrophy of the brain parenchyma and white matter changes of presumed vascular origin. Enlargement of the ventricles may occur due to atrophy or impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. The co-occurrence of these changes in neurodegenerative diseases and in aging brains often requires investigators to take both into account when studying the brain, however, automated segmentation of enlarged ventricles and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) can be a challenging task.

High resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging of Gruber's ligament: a pilot study.

Introduction: Gruber's ligament (GL), a surgical landmark, extends from the lateral upper clivus to the petrous apex (PA), forming the superior boundary of Dorello's canal (DC). It overlies the interdural segment of the abducens nerve (CN VI). High-resolution 3D skull base MRI (SB-MRI) demonstrates anatomic details visible to the surgeon, but not well seen on traditional cross-sectional imaging.

Systematic volumetric analysis predicts response to CSF drainage and outcome to shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objectives: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles, which can be diagnosed by invasive CSF drainage test and treated by shunt placement. Here, we aim to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic power of systematic volumetric analysis based on brain structural MRI for INPH.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study with a cohort of 104 probable INPH patients who underwent CSF drainage tests and another cohort of 41 INPH patients who had shunt placement.

Applications of a deep learning method for anti-aliasing and super-resolution in MRI.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images with both high resolutions and high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are desired in many clinical and research applications. However, acquiring such images takes a long time, which is both costly and susceptible to motion artifacts. Acquiring MR images with good in-plane resolution and poor through-plane resolution is a common strategy that saves imaging time, preserves SNR, and provides one viewpoint with good resolution in two directions.

Brain ventricle parcellation using a deep neural network: Application to patients with ventriculomegaly.

Numerous brain disorders are associated with ventriculomegaly, including both neuro-degenerative diseases and cerebrospinal fluid disorders. Detailed evaluation of the ventricular system is important for these conditions to help understand the pathogenesis of ventricular enlargement and elucidate novel patterns of ventriculomegaly that can be associated with different diseases. One such disease is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), a chronic form of hydrocephalus in older adults that causes dementia.

Aqueductal Cerebrospinal Fluid Stroke Volume Flow in a Rodent Model of Chronic Communicating Hydrocephalus: Establishing a Homogeneous Study Population for Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics Exploration.

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a cause of dementia that can be reversed when treated timely with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Understanding CSF dynamics throughout the development of hydrocephalus is crucial to identify prognostic markers to estimate benefit/risk to shunts.

Objective: To explore the cerebral aqueduct CSF flow dynamics with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a novel rodent model of adult chronic communicating hydrocephalus.

Founder of modern hydrocephalus diagnosis and therapy: Walter Dandy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Because of his exceptional and pioneering contributions to the understanding and treatment of neurosurgical conditions, Walter Dandy is considered to be one of the founders of both neurosurgery and neuroradiology. In the field of hydrocephalus, Dandy developed revolutionary research models, imaging modalities, and operative procedures. His laboratory and clinical experiences at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, including the surgical treatment of hydrocephalus, are well illustrated in the publications he authored.

Ventricular Volume Dynamics During the Development of Adult Chronic Communicating Hydrocephalus in a Rodent Model.

Introduction: The pathophysiology of normal-pressure hydrocephalus and the correlation with its symptomatology is not well understood.

Objective: To monitor and evaluate the enlargement patterns of the ventricular system for each ventricle and its correlation with the presenting symptoms.

Methods: Bilateral kaolin injection into the subarachnoid space overlying the cranial convexities was done in 18 adult rats.

Pedicle screw accuracy assessment in ExcelsiusGPS® robotic spine surgery: evaluation of deviation from pre-planned trajectory.

Background: The ExcelsiusGPS® (Globus Medical, Inc., Audubon, PA) is a next-generation spine surgery robotic system recently approved for use in the United States. The objective of the current study is to assess pedicle screw accuracy and clinical outcomes among two of the first operative cases utilizing the ExcelsiusGPS® robotic system and describe a novel metric to quantify screw deviation.

Shortcomings of Ventricle Segmentation Using Deep Convolutional Networks.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a brain disorder that can present with ventriculomegaly and dementia-like symptoms, which often can be reversed through surgery. Having accurate segmentation of the ventricular system into its sub-compartments from magnetic resonance images (MRI) would be beneficial to better characterize the condition of NPH patients. Previous segmentation algorithms need long processing time and often fail to accurately segment severely enlarged ventricles in NPH patients.

Endonasal endoscopic resection of olfactory neuroblastoma: an 11-year experience.

Objective: Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the sinonasal cavity. Surgery has been and remains a mainstay of treatment for patients with this tumor. Open craniofacial resections have been the treatment of choice for many decades.

Evaluation of an in vivo model for ventricular shunt infection: a pilot study using a novel antimicrobial-loaded polymer.

Objective: Ventricular shunt infection remains an issue leading to high patient morbidity and cost, warranting further investigation. The authors sought to create an animal model of shunt infection that could be used to evaluate possible catheter modifications and innovations.

Methods: Three dogs underwent bilateral ventricular catheter implantation and inoculation with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S.

Whole Brain Parcellation with Pathology: Validation on Ventriculomegaly Patients.

Numerous brain disorders are associated with ventriculomegaly; normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is one example. NPH presents with dementia-like symptoms and is often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer's due to its chronic nature and nonspecific presenting symptoms. However, unlike other forms of dementia NPH can be treated surgically with an over 80% success rate on appropriately selected patients.

Multi-atlas segmentation of the hydrocephalus brain using an adaptive ventricle atlas.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a brain disorder caused by disruption of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The dementia-like symptoms of NPH are often mistakenly attributed to Alzheimer's disease. However, if correctly diagnosed, NPH patients can potentially be treated and their symptoms reversed through surgery.

Deformable model reconstruction of the subarachnoid space.

The subarachnoid space is a layer in the meninges that surrounds the brain and is filled with trabeculae and cerebrospinal fluid. Quantifying the volume and thickness of the subarachnoid space is of interest in order to study the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and compare with healthy subjects. We present an automatic method to reconstruct the subarachnoid space with subvoxel accuracy using a nested deformable model.

Twenty-Five Diagnoses on Midline Images of the Brain: From Fetus to Child to Adult.

Midsagittal images of the brain provide a wealth of anatomic information and may show abnormalities that are pathognomonic for particular diagnoses. Using an anatomy-based approach, the authors identify pertinent anatomic structures to serve as a checklist when evaluating these structures. Subregions evaluated include the corpus callosum, pituitary gland and sellar region, pineal gland and pineal region, brainstem, and cerebellum.

Efficient Multi-Atlas Registration using an Intermediate Template Image.

Multi-atlas label fusion is an accurate but time-consuming method of labeling the human brain. Using an intermediate image as a registration target can allow researchers to reduce time constraints by storing the deformations required of the atlas images. In this paper, we investigate the effect of registration through an intermediate template image on multi-atlas label fusion and propose a novel registration technique to counteract the negative effects of through-template registration.