ELiAH: the atlas of E3 ligases in human tissues for targeted protein degradation with reduced off-target effect.

The development of therapeutic agents has mainly focused on designing small molecules to modulate target proteins or genes which are conventionally druggable. Therefore, targeted protein degradation (TPD) for undruggable cases has emerged as promising pharmaceutical approach. TPD, often referred PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras), uses a linker to degrade target proteins by hijacking the ubiquitination system.

Perceiving depth and motion in depth from successive occlusion.

Occlusion, or interposition, is one of the strongest and best-known pictorial cues to depth. Furthermore, the successive occlusions of previous objects by newly presented objects produces an impression of increasing depth. Although the perceived motion associated with this illusion has been studied, the depth percept has not.

Development and accuracy validation of a fat fraction imaging biomarker for sialadenitis in the parotid gland.

Background: The diagnosis of sialadenitis, the most frequent disease of the salivary glands, is challenging when the symptoms are mild. In such cases, biomarkers can be used as definitive diagnostic indicators. Recently, biomarkers have been developed by extracting and analyzing pathological and morphological features from medical imaging.

Radiomics-based sialadenitis staging in contrast-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography: a preliminary rat model study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the ability of radiomics analysis to diagnose different stages of sialadenitis, compare the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US), and suggest radiomics features selected through 3 machine learning algorithms that would be helpful in discriminating between stages of sialadenitis with both imaging systems.

Study Design: Wistar rats were treated to induce acute and chronic sialadenitis in the left and right submandibular glands, respectively. Contrast-enhanced CT and US of the glands were performed, followed by extirpation and histopathologic confirmation.

Refinement of image quality in panoramic radiography using a generative adversarial network.

Objective: We aimed to develop and assess the clinical usefulness of a generative adversarial network (GAN) model for improving image quality in panoramic radiography.

Methods: Panoramic radiographs obtained at Yonsei University Dental Hospital were randomly selected for study inclusion ( = 100). Datasets with degraded image quality ( = 400) were prepared using four different processing methods: blur, noise, blur with noise, and blur in the anterior teeth region.

Deep learning synthesis of cone-beam computed tomography from zero echo time magnetic resonance imaging.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) produces high-resolution of hard tissue even in small voxel size, but the process is associated with radiation exposure and poor soft tissue imaging. Thus, we synthesized a CBCT image from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using deep learning and to assess its clinical accuracy. We collected patients who underwent both CBCT and MRI simultaneously in our institution (Seoul).

Impact of physiological parameters on the parotid gland fat fraction in a normal population.

Quantifying physiological fat tissue in the organs is important to further assess the organ's pathologic status. This study aimed to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI), age, and sex on the fat fraction of normal parotid glands. Patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) due to non-salivary gland-related disease were reviewed.

Harmonization of robust radiomic features in the submandibular gland using multi-ultrasound systems: a preliminary study.

Objective: This study aimed to identify robust radiomic features in multiultrasonography of the submandibular gland and normalize the interdevice discrepancies by applying a machine-learning-based harmonization method.

Methods: Ultrasonographic images of normal submandibular gland of young healthy adults, aged between 20 and 40 years, were selected from two different devices. In a total of 30 images, the region of interest was determined along the border of gland parenchyma, and 103 radiomic features were extracted using A-VIEW.

Efficacy of corticosteroid ductal irrigation in acute salivary gland inflammation induced in a rat model.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of corticosteroid irrigations and normal saline irrigations in the early inflammatory state of the salivary gland.

Materials And Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into experimental (n=6) and control (n=3) groups. Inflammation was induced in the experimental subjects on both sides of the submandibular gland with ligation.

Automated cortical thickness measurement of the mandibular condyle head on CBCT images using a deep learning method.

This study proposes a deep learning model for cortical bone segmentation in the mandibular condyle head using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and an automated method for measuring cortical thickness with a color display based on the segmentation results. In total, 12,800 CBCT images from 25 normal subjects, manually labeled by an oral radiologist, served as the gold-standard. The segmentation model combined a modified U-Net and a convolutional neural network for target region classification.

Deep learning neural networks to differentiate Stafne's bone cavity from pathological radiolucent lesions of the mandible in heterogeneous panoramic radiography.

This study aimed to develop a high-performance deep learning algorithm to differentiate Stafne's bone cavity (SBC) from cysts and tumors of the jaw based on images acquired from various panoramic radiographic systems. Data sets included 176 Stafne's bone cavities and 282 odontogenic cysts and tumors of the mandible (98 dentigerous cysts, 91 odontogenic keratocysts, and 93 ameloblastomas) that required surgical removal. Panoramic radiographs were obtained using three different imaging systems.

Accuracy of digital model generated from CT data with metal artifact reduction algorithm.

This study investigated whether metal artifact reduction (MAR) applied computed tomography (CT) scans could be used to generate precise digital models and explored possible correlations between the amount of metal artifact and model accuracy. Thirty maxillofacial CT scans were randomly selected and a MAR algorithm was applied. By subtracting the original and MAR-applied CT images, the amount of metal artifact was quantified.

Three-Dimensional Motion Perception: Comparing Speed and Speed Change Discrimination for Looming Stimuli.

Judging the speed of objects moving in three dimensions is important in our everyday lives because we interact with objects in a three-dimensional world. However, speed perception has been seldom studied for motion in depth, particularly when using monocular cues such as looming. Here, we compared speed discrimination, and speed change discrimination, for looming stimuli, in order to better understand what visual information is used for these tasks.

Quantitative analysis of metal artifact reduction using the auto-edge counting method in cone-beam computed tomography.

The metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm is used in most CBCT unit to reduce artifact from various dental materials. The performance of MAR program of a CBCT unit according to the dental material type under different imaging mode was evaluated as introducing automatic quantification of the amount of artifact reduced. Four customized phantoms with different dental prostheses (amalgam, gold, porcelain-fused-metal, zirconia) underwent CBCT scanning with and without the MAR option.

Fear of Falling and Mortality among Older Adults in Korea: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Background: The fear of falling (FOF) has been reported in a high percentage of elderly people. An excessive FOF is a major concern among the elderly because it can lead to permanent disability. However, the impact of FOF on mortality has been insufficiently studied.

Alveolar bone height according to the anatomical relationship between the maxillary molar and sinus.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the available alveolar bone height between the maxillary molars and the sinus floor according to their anatomical relationship using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images.

Methods: A total of 752 maxillary first (M1) and second molars (M2) on CBCT scans of 188 patients were selected. First, each maxillary molar was categorized as type 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the relationship of the molar root with the maxillary sinus floor.

CT-like MRI using the zero-TE technique for osseous changes of the TMJ.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the clinical usability of the zero-echo time (ZTE) technique of MRI for evaluating bone changes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in comparison with CBCT.

Methods: Twenty patients with TMJ disorder who underwent both CBCT and MRI were randomly selected. CBCT images were obtained with an Alphard 3030 device (Asahi Roentgen Ind.

Speed change discrimination for motion in depth using constant world and retinal speeds.

Motion at constant speed in the world maps into retinal motion very differently for lateral motion and motion in depth. The former is close to linear, for the latter, constant speed objects accelerate on the retina as they approach. Motion in depth is frequently studied using speeds that are constant on the retina, and are thus not consistent with real-world constant motion.

Factors Related to Employment Situation among Korean Cancer Survivors: Results from a Population-Based Study.

Background: Due to the increased incidence and survival rate of cancer, the number of cancer survivors has been increasing. In addition, many problems have been reported regarding the employment of these survivors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the employment situation of cancer survivors and associated factors.

Care Needs of Patients at the End of Life With a Noncancer Diagnosis Who Live at Home.

Background: As the population ages, the prevalence of various chronic diseases increases. Palliative care for patients at the end of life with a noncancer diagnosis is currently limited because of the difficulties of demarcating the boundaries of the end-of-life care period and of determining the various care needs of patients at the end of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the levels of importance and difficulty of the multidimensional care needs for patients with a noncancer diagnosis during various end-of-life stages.

Vitamin D and the characteristics associated with risk for knee pain among Korean older adults: Findings from a nationally representative survey.

Aim: To explore vitamin D and the risk factors associated with knee pain in a representative population of Korean older adults METHODS: Data were analyzed from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2013). A total of 3874 participants (1728 men, 2146 women) aged 65 years and older who had a measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D and knee pain severity RESULTS: Sex, age, obesity, education, knee radiographic osteoarthritis, hip pain and back pain were associated with having knee pain.

Prevalence and associated factors of tinnitus: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2011.

Background: Tinnitus is a common condition and frequently can be annoying to affected individuals. We investigated the prevalence and associated factors for tinnitus in South Korea using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) during 2009-2011.

Methods: KNHANES is a cross-sectional survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized population of South Korea (n = 21 893).

Prevalence, risk factors and comorbidities of allergic rhinitis in South Korea: The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: There has been no nationwide epidemiological investigation of allergic rhinitis (AR) that was diagnosed by both questionnaires and laboratory tests in Korea. This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidities of AR in South Korea.

Methods: The Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey examined a representative sample of the Korean population.

Prevalence of subjective olfactory dysfunction and its risk factors: korean national health and nutrition examination survey.

Background: Population-based studies for olfactory dysfunction are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of subjective olfactory dysfunction and its risk factors in the Korean general population.

Methods: The data were obtained from the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which was a cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized population all around the country (n = 10,533).

Wafer-scale production of uniform InAs(y)P(1-y) nanowire array on silicon for heterogeneous integration.

One-dimensional crystal growth allows the epitaxial integration of compound semiconductors on silicon (Si), as the large lattice-mismatch strain arising from heterointerfaces can be laterally relieved. Here, we report the direct heteroepitaxial growth of a mixed anion ternary InAsyP1-y nanowire array across an entire 2 in. Si wafer with unprecedented spatial, structural, and special uniformity across the entire 2 in.