Consensus on Screening, Diagnosis, and Staging Tools for Prostate Cancer in Developing Countries: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: To generate and present the survey results on critical issues relevant to screening, diagnosis, and staging tools for prostate cancer (PCa) focused on developing countries.

Methods: A total of 36 of 300 questions concern the main areas of interest of this paper: (1) screening, (2) diagnosis, and (3) staging for various risk levels of PCa in developing countries. A panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create recommendations for screening, diagnosing, and staging tools for PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this manuscript.

Consensus on Prostate Cancer Treatment of Localized Disease With Very Low, Low, and Intermediate Risk: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: A group of international urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on prostate cancer (PCa) in developing countries. The results are reviewed and summarized, and recommendations on consensus statements for very low-, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa focused on developing countries were developed.

Methods: A panel of experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 66 questions concern the principal areas of interest of this paper: very low, low, and intermediate risk of PCa in developing countries.

First Brazilian Consensus of Advanced Prostate Cancer: Recommendations for Clinical Practice.

Introduction: Prostate cancer still represents a major cause of morbidity, and still about 20% of men with the disease are diagnosed or will progress to the advanced stage without the possibility of curative treatment. Despite the recent advances in scientific and technological knowledge and the availability of new therapies, there is still considerable heterogeneity in the therapeutic approaches for metastatic prostate cancer.

Objectives: This article presents a summary of the I Brazilian Consensus on Advanced Prostate Cancer, conducted by the Brazilian Society of Urology and Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology.

Protective response in renal transplantation: no clinical or molecular differences between open and laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

Objective: Prolonged warm ischemia time and increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by pneumoperitoneum during a laparoscopic donor nephrectomy could enhance renal ischemia reperfusion injury. For this reason, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy may be associated with a slower graft function recovery. However, an adequate protective response may balance the ischemia reperfusion damage.

Early outcomes of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy with multiple renal arteries.

Purpose: We evaluated our experience with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in patients with multiple renal arteries, comparing operative outcomes and early graft function with patients with a single renal artery.

Materials And Methods: From January 2003 to February 2009, 130 patients underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy at our institution, 108 (83 %) with a single renal artery and 22 (17 %) with multiple arteries. Donor and recipient outcomes for single artery and multiple arteries allografts were compared.

Systematic classification and prediction of complications after nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Unlabelled: Study Type - Harm (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Radical nephrectomy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma results in greater rates of morbidity than for those with less advanced disease. This study systematically characterizes complications associated with nephrectomy for metastatic RCC and identifies patient and disease characteristics that are associated with a greater risk of developing complications.

Routine drain placement after partial nephrectomy is not always necessary.

Purpose: To our knowledge the benefit of routine drainage after partial nephrectomy has never been investigated, although a drain after partial nephrectomy can be associated with morbidity. We report our initial experience with omitting the drain in select cases of superficial renal cortical tumors.

Materials And Methods: From a surgery database we identified 512 consecutive open partial nephrectomies performed by a single surgeon between January 2005 and May 2009 using standardized technique.

Selective arterial embolization for pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistula of renal artery branches following partial nephrectomy.

Purpose: We describe the presentation, endovascular management and functional outcomes of 15 patients with renal arterial pseudoaneurysm following open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: An institutional review board approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database revealed that 7 of 1,160 patients who underwent open partial nephrectomy and 8 of 301 treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy were diagnosed with a pseudoaneurysm of a renal artery branch between 2003 and 2010. Some cases were associated with arteriovenous fistula.

Intraoperative conversion from partial to radical nephrectomy at a single institution from 2003 to 2008.

Purpose: Little information exists on conversion from partial to radical nephrectomy. We assessed the intraoperative reasons and predictive factors for conversion in a contemporary series of patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: We identified all patients at our institution who underwent open or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with conversion to radical nephrectomy between 2003 and 2008.

Renal oncocytosis: management and clinical outcomes.

Purpose: Renal oncocytosis is a rare pathological condition in which renal parenchyma is diffusely involved by numerous oncocytic nodules in addition to showing a spectrum of other oncocytic changes. We describe our experience with renal oncocytosis, focusing on management and outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 patients with a final pathological diagnosis of renal oncocytosis from July 1995 through June 2009 were included in the analysis.

Role of prostate specific antigen and immediate confirmatory biopsy in predicting progression during active surveillance for low risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: We evaluated predictors of progression after starting active surveillance, especially the role of prostate specific antigen and immediate confirmatory prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 238 men with prostate cancer met active surveillance eligibility criteria and were analyzed for progression with time. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate predictors of progression.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with recurrence 5 years after nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: We analyzed characteristics in patients with recurrent renal cell carcinoma 5 years or later after nephrectomy and determined predictors of survival after recurrence.

Materials And Methods: From July 1989 to October 2008 at total of 2,368 nephrectomies were done for clinically localized, unilateral renal cell carcinoma at our institution. Of 256 patients with disease recurrence 44 had recurrence 5 years or more after nephrectomy.

Solitary, isolated metastatic disease to the kidney: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.

Objective: • To analyse the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent nephrectomy for solitary, isolated metastatic disease to the kidney.

Patients And Methods: • From July 1989 to July 2009, we identified 13 patients who underwent nephrectomy for solitary metastasis to the kidney. Patients' demographics, intra-operative variables and outcomes are reported.

The effect of tumor location on prognosis in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.

Background: The prognostic impact of primary tumor location on outcomes for patients with upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is still contentious.

Objective: To test the association between tumor location and disease recurrence and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for UTUC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospectively collected data were retrospectively reviewed from 324 consecutive patients treated with RNU between 1995 and 2008 at a single tertiary referral center.

Clinical outcome of primary versus secondary bladder carcinoma in situ.

Purpose: Differences in clinical outcome are still unclear between primary and secondary bladder carcinoma in situ. We compared the clinical outcomes of primary and secondary carcinoma in situ, and identified predictive factors.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 476 patients with high grade cTis, including 221 with primary and 255 with secondary carcinoma in situ, from 1990 to 2008 at a high volume cancer center after transurethral resection and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy.

Recovery of renal function after open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Background: Although oncologic outcomes appear to be similar after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN), data on renal function are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the change over time in renal function after LPN and OPN.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We identified 987 patients with a single sporadic tumor and a normal contralateral kidney who were treated by LPN (n=182) and OPN (n=805) between January 2002 and July 2009.