Primary angiitis of the central nervous system in a patient with transient episodes of headache and aphasia: A case report.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) refers to a rare form of vasculitis of unknown cause, with a challenging diagnostic work-up. We report the case of a 57-year-old patient who presented with transient episodes of headache and global aphasia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with moderate elevated protein and normal glucose.

Immunopathology of Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions-From Idiopathic to Drug-Related Cases.

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL) represent a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians, and in rare atypical cases a collaboration of a neuroradiologist, a neurologist, and a neuropathologist is warranted for accurate diagnosis. Recent advances in neuropathology have shown that TDL represent an umbrella under which many different diagnostic entities can be responsible. TDL can emerge not only as part of the spectrum of classic multiple sclerosis (MS) but also can represent an idiopathic monophasic disease, a relapsing disease with recurrent TDL, or could be part of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)- and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-associated disease.

Cold snare polypectomy vs. hot snare polypectomy vs. argon plasma coagulation for small (5-9mm) left-sided colorectal polyps: a prospective randomized trial.

Objective: To compare recurrence rates among three endoscopic treatment modalities for 5-9 mm left-sided colorectal polyps.

Methods: Consecutive adults referred for elective colonoscopy (1/2015-1/2018) with at least one polyp of eligible size (5-9 mm) located distally to the splenic flexure were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of three treatment modalities: (1) cold snare polypectomy (CSP), (2) hot snare polypectomy (HSP) and (3) argon plasma coagulation (APC) ablation (50-60 W, flow: 2 l/min). The polyp site was marked with an endoscopic tattoo, and a follow-up colonoscopy with scar biopsies was performed >6 months after the index procedure.

Clinico-radiologic features and therapeutic strategies in tumefactive demyelination: a retrospective analysis of 50 consecutive cases.

Aims: Our goal was to expand the spectrum of clinico-radiologic characteristics and the possible therapeutic choices in patients with tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with at least one TDL was performed at an academic neurology center (2008-2020).

Results: Our cohort comprised mostly women (33/50) with a mean age of 38 years at TDL onset.

Recurrent Fulminant Tumefactive Demyelination With Marburg-Like Features and Atypical Presentation: Therapeutic Dilemmas and Review of Literature.

Atypical forms of demyelinating diseases with tumor-like lesions and aggressive course represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for neurologists. Herein, we describe a 50-year-old woman presenting with subacute onset of left hemiparesis, memory difficulties and headache. Brain MRI revealed a tumefactive right frontal-parietal lesion with perilesional edema, mass effect and homogenous post-contrast enhancement, along with other small atypical lesions in the white-matter.

Wireless Direct Microampere Current in Wound Healing: Clinical and Immunohistological Data from Two Single Case Reports.

Chronic pressure ulcers are hard-to-heal wounds that decrease the patient's quality of life. Wireless Micro Current Stimulation (WMCS) is an innovative, non-invasive, similar to electrode-based electrostimulation (ES) technology, that generates and transfers ions that are negatively-charged to the injured tissue, using accessible air gases as a transfer medium. WMCS is capable of generating similar tissue potentials, as electrode-based ES, for injured tissue.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression and gene alterations in glioblastoma: correlations with clinical outcome.

Aims: To study anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein expression and possible underlying gene alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), correlating them with clinical outcome.

Methods: We studied ALK immunohistochemical expression and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH)-detected ALK gene alterations in 51 GBMs (46 isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1)-negative and 5 IDH-mutant (IDH1-positive)). We compared two anti-ALK antibodies and immunohistochemical detection systems (5Α4/Nichirei Biosciences, D5F3/Ventana).

A Case of Distal Epithelioid Sarcoma of the Thumb Expressing Podoplanin, TLE1 and Ca 125.

Distal epithelioid sarcoma is a rare and slowly growing tumor that usually develops in the upper extremities of young adults. Neoplastic cells have both spindle and epithelioid appearance and are characterized by the loss of the nuclear protein SMARCB1/INI1. We present the case of a distal epithelioid sarcoma arising in the thumb of a 14-year-old girl, which immunohistochemically was characterized by the loss of SMARCB1/INI1 protein as well as the expression of podoplanin (D2-40), TLE1, Glut1, and Ca 125; plus, we highlight the differential diagnosis of epithelioid sarcoma from its histological mimics.

The Evangelismos hospital central nervous system tumor registry: Analysis of 1414 cases (1998-2009).

Background: The Evangelismos Hospital central nervous system (CNS) Tumor Registry represents the current effort of the Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology to collect data for primary and metastatic CNS tumor patients. In the present study, 12-year hospital data (1998-2009) were reviewed and analyzed.

Methods: Patients that underwent surgery for CNS tumors for the first time were identified.

Wireless electrical stimulation: an innovative powerful tool for the treatment of a complicated chronic ulcer.

High-voltage electrical stimulation has been long proposed as a method of accelerating the wound healing process. Its beneficial effect has been successfully evaluated in the treatment of a number of chronic ulcers and burns. We present here the implementation of a new wireless electrical stimulation technique for the treatment of a complicated chronic ulcer of the lower limb.

Small bowel obstruction caused by inflammatory cytomegalovirus tumor in a renal transplant recipient: report of a rare case and review of the literature.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in renal transplant recipients can present as asymptomatic viremia or CMV syndrome or, in more severe cases, as tissue-invasive disease. CMV enteritis, a common manifestation of CMV invasive disease, usually presents with fever, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea, and can be rarely complicated by colon perforation, hemorrhage, or megacolon. CMV infection occurs primarily in the first 6 months post transplantation, when immunosuppression is more intense.

An unusual case of desmoid tumour presenting as haemorrhagic shock.

We report the case of a 22-year-old patient who presented to the emergency department with epigastric pain and vomiting. Haematological studies showed a rapid decrease in haemoglobin levels from 13.6 g/dl to 4.

Malignancies of the anal canal.

Background: The carcinomas of the anal canal consist of truly rare clinical entities compared to the most common colorectal malignancies. Consequently, little have been reported on their natural history and course.

Purpose: The present study is aiming to describe the experience of our clinic with anal cancer and to clarify the incidence of the disease in the Hellenic population.

G1 cell cycle regulators in congenital melanocytic nevi. Comparison with acquired nevi and melanomas.

Background: Congenital nevi are one of the known risk factors for the development of melanoma. However, the magnitude of the risk for both large and small congenital nevi is controversial.

Methods: In order to elucidate the behavior of congenital nevocytes and to define any possible similarities or differences with common nevi and melanomas, we investigated the expression of Ki-67, Rb, p16, cyclin D1, p53 and p21/Waf-1 in 41 congenital nevi, 16 melanomas and 20 acquired common nevi by immunohistochemistry.

Intravascular B-cell lymphoma with leukemic presentation: case report and literature review.

Intravascular lymphoma is an extremely rare, disseminated, and aggressive extranodal CD20+ non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by the presence of lymphoma cells only in the lumina of small vessels. We report a 72-year-old woman with a diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma presented with splenomegaly and leukemic appearance in the peripheral blood smear. Her clinical course was rapidly deteriorated before the initiation of specific chemotherapy and finally died due to multiorgan insufficiency.

Galectin-3 as a marker distinguishing functioning from silent corticotroph adenomas.

Objective: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) belongs to the family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with high affinity for galactoside and is involved in many biological processes including cell growth and differentiation, cell adhesion, tumor progression, apoptosis and metastasis. The aim of this study was to disclose differences in the expression of Gal-3 in silent and functioning corticotroph pituitary adenomas.

Design: We examined 30 pituitary adenomas (19 functioning corticotroph, 11 silent corticotroph adenomas).

Histological and immunohistochemical study of granuloma annulare and subcutaneous granuloma annulare in children.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and immunohistochemical features of granuloma annulare (GA) in comparison to deep granuloma annulare (DGA) and granulomatous dermatoses (GDs).

Methods: Our material comprised 13 GA, 8 DGA and 1 atypical granuloma annulare (AGA) in a child with primary immunodeficiency, 10 cases of nonspecific GDs and 1 case of sarcoidosis with cutaneous involvement. The immunohistochemical streptavidin-biotin-Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) analysis was performed on paraffin sections for the detection of CD68/KP-1, CD68/anti-human CD68 clone PGM1 (PGM1), lysozyme, S-100 protein, CD1a, CD3, CD20/L-26, CD4 and CD8.

Cell cycle and apoptosis regulators in Spitz nevi: comparison with melanomas and common nevi.

Background: Deregulated cell cycle control is one of the hallmarks of tumor development. The expression of different cell cycle regulators has been used in various neoplasms as an adjunct to diagnosis.

Objective: We sough to determine the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis regulators in Spitz nevi and to appraise its value as a diagnostic adjunct in the differential diagnosis from melanomas and common nevi.

Bcl-2 and Bax in congenital naevi.

Background: Melanocytes represent a static component of the epidermis, and the role of apoptosis in basal melanocyte function and melanocytic tumour formation has not been fully elucidated.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic and Bax apoptotic proteins in congenital naevi in correlation with p-27 protein and Ki-67 proliferative index.

Methods: Our material comprised 30 congenital naevi (eight giant) excised from children aged from 15 days to 14 years old.