Cadmium (Cd) distribution and soil-plant relationship in cacao farms in Costa Rica.

The current cadmium (Cd) regulations in chocolate threaten the cacao supply chain in several Latin American countries. The factors contributing to Cd accumulation in cacao beans have been poorly studied in Central America. The objective of this research was to identify the location of Cd hotspots as well as soil properties and management practices influencing the Cd concentration in cacao beans.

Impact of Sit-to-Stand and Treadmill Desks on Patterns of Daily Waking Physical Behaviors Among Overweight and Obese Seated Office Workers: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Sit-to-stand and treadmill desks may help sedentary office workers meet the physical activity guideline to "move more and sit less," but little is known about their long-term impact on altering the accumulation patterns of physical behaviors.

Objective: This study explores the impact of sit-to-stand and treadmill desks on physical behavior accumulation patterns during a 12-month multicomponent intervention with an intent-to-treat design in overweight and obese seated office workers.

Methods: In total, 66 office workers were cluster randomized into a seated desk control (n=21, 32%; 8 clusters), sit-to-stand desk (n=23, 35%; 9 clusters), or treadmill desk (n=22, 33%; 7 clusters) group.

Soil amendments to reduce cadmium in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): A comprehensive field study in Ecuador.

The new EU regulations on maximum levels of cadmium (Cd) in cacao products sparked research on countermeasures to reduce Cd concentrations in cacao beans. This study was set up to test the effects of soil amendments in two established cacao orchards (soil pH 6.6 and 5.

Companion: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial to Test an Integrated Two-Way Communication and Near-Real-Time Sensing System for Detecting and Modifying Daily Inactivity among Adults >60 Years-Design and Protocol.

Supervised personal training is most effective in improving the health effects of exercise in older adults. Yet, low frequency (60 min, 1-3 sessions/week) of trainer contact limits influence on behavior change outside sessions. Strategies to extend the effect of trainer contact outside of supervision and that integrate meaningful and intelligent two-way communication to provide complex and interactive problem solving may motivate older adults to "move more and sit less" and sustain positive behaviors to further improve health.

Molecular portraits of clear cell ovarian and endometrial carcinoma with comparison to clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: Advanced clear cell gynecologic malignancies remain among the most challenging diseases to manage. We evaluated ovarian and endometrial clear cell carcinoma (OCCC and ECCC) specimens using comprehensive sequencing technology to identify mutational targets and compared their molecular profiles to histologically similar clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods: Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), fragment analysis (FA), and in situ hybridization (ISH), 164 OCCC, 75 ECCC and 234 ccRCC specimens from 2015 to 2018 were evaluated and compared.

Genomic profiling in low grade serous ovarian cancer: Identification of novel markers for disease diagnosis and therapy.

Objectives: Low grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) differs from high grade serous in terms of pathogenesis, molecular, genetic, and clinical features. Molecular studies have been hampered by small sample sizes, heterogenous histology, and lack of comprehensive testing. We sought to molecularly profile LGSOC in a homogenously tested, histologically confirmed cohort.

Detecting Sleep and Nonwear in 24-h Wrist Accelerometer Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Introduction: Estimating physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep from wrist-worn accelerometer data requires reliable detection of sensor nonwear and sensor wear during both sleep and wake.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an algorithm that simultaneously identifies sensor wake-wear, sleep-wear, and nonwear in 24-h wrist accelerometer data collected with or without filtering.

Methods: Using sensor data labeled with polysomnography ( n = 21) and directly observed wake-wear data ( n = 31) from healthy adults, and nonwear data from sensors left at various locations in a home ( n = 20), we developed an algorithm to detect nonwear, sleep-wear, and wake-wear for "idle sleep mode" (ISM) filtered data collected in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Identification of potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets through genomic analysis of small cell bladder carcinoma and associated clinical outcomes.

Objectives: Small cell bladder carcinoma (SCBC) represents a rare histologic variant with a poor prognosis and for which no routine biomarkers exist. Limited reports of genomic sequencing in SCBC have demonstrated a high prevalence of TP53 and RB1 gene mutations, though the prognostic value of these and other gene variants in SCBC remains undefined. In this study, we performed targeted genomic sequencing on a cohort of SCBC patients and correlated genomic findings with clinical outcomes to identify potential novel biomarkers.

Wound Botulism Among Persons Who Inject Black Tar Heroin in New Mexico, 2016.

Outbreaks of wound botulism are rare, but clinicians and health departments should maintain suspicion for signs, symptoms, and risk factors of wound botulism among persons who inject drugs in order to initiate treatment quickly. This report describes an outbreak of three wound botulism cases among persons in two adjacent counties who injected drugs. Provisional information about these cases was previously published in the CDC National Botulism Surveillance Summary.

Molecular characterization of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA) is an uncommon malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab show promising results in patients with SCCA. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative tumors are frequently -mutated (MT) and often resistant to therapy.

Multi-omic molecular profiling guide's efficacious treatment selection in refractory metastatic breast cancer: a prospective phase II clinical trial.

This prospective phase II clinical trial (Side Out 2) explored the clinical benefits of treatment selection informed by multi-omic molecular profiling (MoMP) in refractory metastatic breast cancers (MBCs). Core needle biopsies were collected from 32 patients with MBC at trial enrollment. Patients had received an average of 3.

Effects of an "Active-Workstation" Cluster RCT on Daily Waking Physical Behaviors.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sit-to-stand and treadmill desks on sedentary behavior during a 12-month, cluster-randomized multicomponent intervention with an intent-to-treat design in overweight office workers.

Methods: Sixty-six office workers were cluster-randomized into a control (n = 21; 8 clusters), sit-to-stand desk (n = 23; 9 clusters), or treadmill desk (n = 22; 7 clusters) group. Participants wore an activPAL™ accelerometer for 7 d at baseline, month 3, month 6, and month 12 and received periodic feedback on their physical behaviors.

Molecular Profiling Reveals Limited Targetable Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NEC) is a rare and highly aggressive cervical malignancy. Given that no targeted therapy has been approved specifically to NEC, we investigated the presence of novel, potentially targetable biomarkers in a large cohort of NEC. Sixty-two NEC were molecularly profiled for biomarkers of targeted therapies including antibody-drug conjugates [delta-like canonical notch ligand 3 (DLL3), a trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2), and folate receptor 1 (FOLR1)], NTRK1-3 gene fusions, and immune checkpoint inhibitors [programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutational burden, and microsatellite instability] using immunohistochemistry and DNA/RNA next-generation sequencing assays.

Surface soil liming reduces cadmium uptake in cacao seedlings but subsurface uptake is enhanced.

Cadmium concentrations in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) beans from South America often exceed trade limits. Liming soil is advocated as a remediation option, but amendments cannot be incorporated into the entire root zone without harming the trees.

Posture and Physical Activity Detection: Impact of Number of Sensors and Feature Type.

Unlabelled: Studies using wearable sensors to measure posture, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior typically use a single sensor worn on the ankle, thigh, wrist, or hip. Although the use of single sensors may be convenient, using multiple sensors is becoming more practical as sensors miniaturize.

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of single-site versus multisite motion sensing at seven body locations (both ankles, wrists, hips, and dominant thigh) on the detection of physical behavior recognition using a machine learning algorithm.

Online preschool teacher training to promote physical activity in young children: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial.

This study tested the Wellness Enhancing Physical Activity in Young Children (WE PLAY) program, a 4-week online preschool teacher training, on children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In this cluster RCT, six Head Start preschools were randomized to an intervention and comparison group. Children's MVPA was measured using accelerometers at pre- and posttest.

Molecular Analyses of Left- and Right-Sided Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults with Colorectal Cancer.

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly left-sided tumors (LT), in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is rising. Epigenetic events appear to play an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, especially in younger patients. We compared molecular features of LT to right-sided tumors (RT) in AYA.

Soil properties and agronomic factors affecting cadmium concentrations in cacao beans: A nationwide survey in Ecuador.

Recent cadmium (Cd) regulation in chocolate threatens the sustainability of cacao production in Southwest America. Cadmium contamination in cacao beans has not been assessed at a country level. A nationwide survey was conducted in Ecuador to identify the spatial distribution of Cd in cacao beans, as well as soil and agronomic factors involved.

Impact of Patient Age on Molecular Alterations of Left-Sided Colorectal Tumors.

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in younger patients is rising, mostly due to tumors in the descending colon and rectum. Therefore, we aimed to explore the molecular differences of left-sided CRC between younger (≤45 years) and older patients (≥65).

Subjects, Materials, And Methods: In total, 1,126 CRC tumor samples from the splenic flexure to (and including) the rectum were examined by next-generation sequencing (NGS), immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization.

"What Is a Step?" Differences in How a Step Is Detected among Three Popular Activity Monitors That Have Impacted Physical Activity Research.

(1) Background: This study compared manually-counted treadmill walking steps from the hip-worn DigiwalkerSW200 and OmronHJ720ITC, and hip and wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ and GT9X; determined brand-specific acceleration amplitude (g) and/or frequency (Hz) step-detection thresholds; and quantified key features of the acceleration signal during walking. (2) Methods: Twenty participants (Age: 26.7 ± 4.

PD-L1 expression in tumor metastasis is different between uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma.

Aim: To compare PD-L1 expression between metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) and metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MCM).

Materials & Methods: A total of 295 MCM and 78 MUM specimens were analyzed for tumor cell PD-L1 expression. Additionally, 91 MCM and 45 MUM specimens were analyzed for PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Molecular Characterization of Bladder Cancer in Smokers versus Nonsmokers.

Unlabelled: Smoking is considered an important risk factor for bladder cancer (BC), yet molecular characterization of BC in nonsmokers has not been extensively studied. Here, we compare molecular differences between smokers and nonsmokers with BC. BC specimens (676) profiled at a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified laboratory from 2006 to 2014 were retrospectively evaluated for molecular differences between smokers and nonsmokers.