Fermented Polyherbal Formulation Restored Ricinoleic Acid-Induced Diarrhea in Sprague Dawley Rats and Exhibited Antibacterial Effect on Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Gastrointestinal Pathogens.

The involvement of multiple antibiotic-resistant gastrointestinal pathogens in diarrhea aggravates the disease condition uncontrollably. The current study aimed to find and develop a suitable formulation utilizing multiple natural components from known plant sources to augment the current therapeutic outcomes. The hydroethanolic extraction method was applied through boiling and fermentation on ancient observation-based efficacious plant parts for developing the antidiarrheal polyherbal formulation AP-01.

Characterization and assessment of exposure risks of healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Healthcare personnel have the right to decent, healthy, and safe working conditions during COVID-19. Despite our best efforts to safeguard them against SARS-CoV-2 infection, a substantially large number of healthcare personnel fell ill and succumbed to COVID-19. This study aimed to characterize the SARS-CoV-2 exposures among healthcare personnel and determine the risk level of those events, thereby identifying and focusing on the key areas that influence workplace safety.

Fermented Polyherbal Formulation Ameliorates the Severity of Acute Multiple Antibiotics-Resistant -Infected Burn Wound in a Rat Burn Model.

, a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium, has emerged as a cause of life-threatening infections in burn wounds. Current therapeutic approaches through wound dressings and systemic medicines are far from satisfactory; resistance to more than two antibiotics shown by pathogens contributes to failures of therapy causing mortality. This animal study was conducted to check the efficacy of one Ayurveda-based fermented polyherbal preparation (AP 01) against multiple antibiotics-resistant (MAR) HW01infected rat burn wounds.

Evaluation of a simple method for testing aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy in New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales.

NDM-producing carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections became a challenge for clinicians. Combination therapy of aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam is a prudent choice for these infections. However, there is still no recommendation of a practically feasible method for testing aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy.

A super SDM (species distribution model) 'in the cloud' for better habitat-association inference with a 'big data' application of the Great Gray Owl for Alaska.

The currently available distribution and range maps for the Great Grey Owl (GGOW; Strix nebulosa) are ambiguous, contradictory, imprecise, outdated, often hand-drawn and thus not quantified, not based on data or scientific. In this study, we present a proof of concept with a biological application for technical and biological workflow progress on latest global open access 'Big Data' sharing, Open-source methods of R and geographic information systems (OGIS and QGIS) assessed with six recent multi-evidence citizen-science sightings of the GGOW. This proposed workflow can be applied for quantified inference for any species-habitat model such as typically applied with species distribution models (SDMs).

Evaluation of three protocols for direct susceptibility testing for Gram-negative rods from flagged positive blood culture bottles.

Unlabelled: Bloodstream infections are associated with high mortality, which can be reduced by targeted antibiotic therapy in the early stages of infection. Direct antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) from flagged positive blood cultures may facilitate the administration of early effective antimicrobials much before the routine AST. This study aimed to evaluate three different direct AST protocols for Gram-negative rods from flagged positive blood culture broths.

Nitazoxanide refractory cryptosporidiosis complicating Burkitt lymphoma in a child.

species cause watery diarrhea in several vertebrate hosts, including humans. Most apparently, immunocompetent-infected individuals remain asymptomatic, whereas immunocompromised may develop severe or chronic cryptosporidiosis. We report here the case of a 6-year-old girl undergoing chemotherapy for Burkitt lymphoma who experienced multiple episodes of watery diarrhea during her hospital stay.

Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizing the Field of Medical Education.

Medical education has ventured into a new arena of computer-assisted teaching powered by artificial intelligence (AI). In medical institutions, AI can serve as an intelligent tool facilitating the decision-making process effectively. AI can enhance teaching by assisting in developing new strategies for educators.

Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoan infections among patients attending a rural outreach outpatient department in Northern India.

Despite great efforts, intestinal protozoan infections remain a significant healthcare concern worldwide. Although many point-of-care (POC) tests are increasingly being used, microscopic examination of stool specimens remains the mainstay for their diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. We assessed the utility of rapid POC tests based on immunochromatography among patients from rural Northern India.

Breakthrough infection among healthcare personnel following exposure to COVID-19: Experience after one year of the world's largest vaccination drive.

Context: The COVID-19 vaccination drive globally was supposedly a game-changing event. However, the emerging variants of the virus and waning immunity over time posed new challenges for breakthrough infections. Standing at the frontline of defense against COVID-19, healthcare personnel (HCP) were vulnerable to such infections.

Relevance of Conventional Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Mucormycosis during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a lethal disease which bewildered the health-care community of India during the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The diagnosis is challenging considering the poor isolation in culture.

Aims: The aim of the study was to emphasize the utility of potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount examination using conventional light microscopy for early diagnosis of mucormycosis in resource-limited settings.

Evolution of Diagnostic and Forensic Microbiology in the Era of Artificial Intelligence.

Diagnostic microbiology plays a vital role in managing infectious diseases, combating antimicrobial resistance, and containment of outbreaks. During the fourth industrial revolution, when artificial intelligence (AI) became an essential part of our day-to-day lives, its integration into healthcare would further revolutionize our knowledge and potential. Although in the budding stage, AI with machine learning is being increasingly utilized in various aspects of diagnostic microbiology.

The Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a Medical Ward and Its Containment: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Centre in North India.

Background Periodic outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital settings amidst the recent pandemic are well known. However, the timely control of such outbreaks was key to preventing morbidity among vulnerable patients as well as reducing sickness absenteeism among healthcare workers. This is the first study of its kind in India.

Designing New Magic Bullets to Penetrate the Mycobacterial Shield: An Arduous Quest for Promising Therapeutic Candidates.

spp. intimidated mankind since time immemorial. The triumph over this organism was anticipated with the introduction of potent antimicrobials in the mid-20th century.

Coarsening, condensates, and extremes in aggregation-fragmentation models.

We use extreme value statistics to study the dynamics of coarsening in aggregation-fragmentation models which form condensates in the steady state. The dynamics is dominated by the formation of local condensates on a coarsening length scale which grows in time in both the zero range process and conserved mass aggregation model. The local condensate mass distribution exhibits scaling, which implies anomalously large fluctuations, with mean and standard deviation both proportional to the coarsening length.

Reservoir of Carbapenem-Resistant in the Hospital Environment and Colonization Pressure: A Surveillance-Based Study in Indian Intensive Care Unit.

The endemicity of in intensive care units (ICUs) is a serious concern. We studied the reservoirs of in the ICU and their effects on colonization pressure and transmission. A prospective surveillance (6 months) was conducted.

Challenges in setting up a diagnostic microbiology laboratory during coronavirus disease 2019 crisis and impact on the diagnosis of communicable diseases.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has left the health-care workers exhausted and the system dwindling. The challenges have been immense everywhere and even worse in developing countries. Despite the Indian Government's forethought and active investment in various national programs, the pandemic has brought unconceivable repercussions on the management and notification of several other lethal infectious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis.

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic in India.

Introduction: India witnessed the catastrophic second wave of COVID-19 during the summer months of 2021. Many patients with non-resolution of symptoms admitted to dedicated COVID-19 treatment centers required prolonged inpatient care which led to the unavailability of beds for other COVID-19 patients. The objective of this study was to determine the duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients requiring long-term pulmonary care as well as to find out the association between different variables with the persistence of the virus.

Implementation of infection prevention and control practices in an upcoming COVID-19 hospital in India: An opportunity not missed.

Infection prevention and control (IPC) program is obligatory for delivering quality services in any healthcare setup. Lack of administrative support and resource-constraints (under-staffing, inadequate funds) were primary barriers to successful implementation of IPC practices in majority of the hospitals in the developing countries. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought a unique opportunity to improve the IPC program in these hospitals.

A case of hypervirulent phenotype causing necrotizing fasciitis of chest wall: A mono-microbial entity emerging in the Indian subcontinent.

Necrotizing fasciitis of the chest wall or upper torso is a rare clinical entity. Monomicrobial as a causative agent of necrotizing fasciitis is far less common than the polymicrobial etiology. Here, we report a case of community-onset pyogenic necrotizing fasciitis caused by in an immunocompetent male of tribal background from the rural area of Jharkhand, India.

Evaluation of Clinical and Venous Blood Parameters as Surrogate Indicators in Assessing the Need for Fasciotomy in Lower Limb Compartment Syndrome.

Acute compartment syndrome in the lower limb, a surgical emergency, may cause ischemic damage to muscles and neurological deficits leading to loss of function of the limb which may even require amputation, thus drastically affecting the quality of life of a patient. Fasciotomy for decompression is suggested when the differential pressure in the compartment of the leg is ≤30 mm Hg. However, compartment pressure measurement is not always feasible.

Rifampicin-Resistant Disseminated Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Adolescent Male Presenting with Retropharyngeal Abscess and Spinal Involvement.

Retropharyngeal abscess is a rare manifestation in spinal tuberculosis. Early clinical diagnosis followed by microbiological confirmation and effective treatment is crucial to avoid irreversible damage to the spine. Here, we report a case of disseminated tuberculosis in an immunocompetent adolescent male who presented with retropharyngeal abscess, multifocal involvement of the spine, and skin tuberculids.

Antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19 syndemic: Impact on public health.

The COVID -19 pandemic has had a catastrophic impact on the global economy and the healthcare industry. Unfortunately, the scientific community still hasn't discovered a definite cure for this virus. Also, owing to the unscrupulous use of antibiotics in wake of the current situation, another ongoing pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been entirely eclipsed.