When addressing resources is not enough: lessons learned from a respectful maternal and neonatal care provider training intervention evaluation in Kenya and Tanzania.

Background: Respectful Maternal and Neonatal Care (RMNC) maintains and respects a pregnant person's dignity, privacy, informed choice, and confidentiality free from harm and mistreatment. It strives for a positive pregnancy and post-pregnancy care experiences for pregnant people and their families, avoiding any form of obstetric violence. Though RMNC is now widely accepted as a priority in obstetric care, there is a gap in resources and support tools for healthcare wproviders to clearly understand the issue and change long-established practices such as non-humanized caesarean sections.

Onset of obesity in children through the recall of parents: relationship to parental obesity and life events.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease due to the influence of both genetic and environmental factors. Parents of 886 obese patients (427 boys and 459 girls, aged 1-18 years) were investigated by means of a questionnaire in order to study the factors associated with the onset of obesity in children and the relationship to genetic background. At presentation obese patients had a very high mean ideal body weight percent (IBW%) (154 +/- 19%, median 152%, range 120-246).

Liver involvement in obese children. Ultrasonography and liver enzyme levels at diagnosis and during follow-up in an Italian population.

Our aim was to evaluate incidence and risk factors of liver involvement in obese Italian children as assessed by both ultrasonographic and biochemical parameters. In seventy-five consecutive obese children (age 9.5 +/- 2.

Pubertal growth, sexual maturation, and final height in children with IDDM. Effects of age at onset and metabolic control.

Objective: To evaluate growth and pubertal development in children with IDDM and the influence of the age at onset of IDDM and the degree of metabolic control on final height.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 62 subjects followed longitudinally both clinically and metabolically from the onset of IDDM until final height was reached.

Results: Height at diagnosis was within the normal percentiles in boys (0.

Assessment of red blood cell indices in growth-hormone-treated children.

In order to evaluate the effect of growth hormone (GH) on erythropoiesis, red blood cell (RBC) indices (hemoglobin, Hb; hematocrit, Ht; RBC count, and mean corpuscular volume, MCV) of 19 GH-deficient children (12 with isolated GH deficiency and 7 with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies) between 2 months and 15 years of age were compared to those of 57 sex- and age-matched short normal controls before starting treatment with recombinant human GH (rhGH). The RBC indices were expressed as standard deviation score (SDS). Moreover, the RBC indices in the GH-deficient group were analyzed after the first 3 and 6 months of GH treatment and compared to those of 9 Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS) patients with GH therapy.

Growth pattern during the first 36 months of life in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency).

The longitudinal growth pattern during the first 36 months of life was studied in 24 patients (17 females) with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency by analyzing the mean required daily dose of cortisone with respect to steroid suppression, height and weight growth velocities and bone age maturation. All patients were treated with cortisone acetate and 9-fluorohydrocortisone. The standard deviation score for length (SDS-L), the percentage of ideal body weight (% IBW) and biochemical parameters, 17-hydroxy-progesterone (17-OHP) and androstenedione (A) were evaluated every 3 months; bone age (BA) was evaluated annually.

Anemia in infants with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed by neonatal screening.

Although anemia is a common finding in adult hypothyroid patients, there are no studies on anemia in hypothyroid infants. The aim of this study, therefore, was to review the hematologic status during the first year of life in 50 infants with congenital hypothyroidism detected through the regional neonatal screening program. The mean age at diagnosis was 23.

[Variable expression of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood].

Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) in pediatric age remains not well defined as a nosological entity. The so-called Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), for example, recognizes three different etiologies. Three cases are presented as an example of different possibilities of onset and evolution in pediatric age: a 12.

Diabetes mellitus in Kearns-Sayre syndrome: a case with a 10-year follow-up.

An 11-year-old girl with Kearns-Sayre Syndrome developed diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis at onset and immediate insulin-requirement. In a 10-year follow-up, while neuromuscular disease was progressively increasing, diabetes was well controlled by once-a-day insulin therapy. Insulin secretion appears low, but without impairment during the years.

Prognostic factors in the intellectual development at 7 years of age in children with congenital hypothyroidism.

The influence of the initial L-T4 dose and some other factors on the intellectual development was evaluated at 7 years of age in 47 congenitally hypothyroid children detected by the regional screening program. All patients were initially treated with 25 micrograms LT4/kg/day that represented a mean replacement dose of 6.8 +/- 1.

[Turner syndrome and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

Background: Cases of diabetes mellitus associated with Turner syndrome are noninsulin-dependent. We report a case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with Turner syndrome.

Case Report: An 11 year-old girl with Turner syndrome was investigated for glucose tolerance that was normal with glycosylated hemoglobin at 5.