Target immobilized phases of heavy metals in hazardous waste based lightweight aggregate.

The potential leaching risk poses a concern for the large-scale recycling of hazardous waste as lightweight aggregates (LWAs). This paper investigated the combination state of heavy metals in target immobilized phases of LWA through both theoretical calculations and experimental verification. Results reveal that Pb can enter the feldspar crystal cell to form stable interstitial solid solutions, while Cu, Cr, and Ni can replace specific ions in spinel to form replacement solid solutions.

Navigating regulatory challenges, technical performance and circular economy integration of mineral-based waste materials for sustainable construction: A mini review in the European context.

The integration of mineral-based waste materials is crucial for achieving a sustainable and circular construction sector. Whilst technological and economic aspects receive attention, this mini review spotlights overlooked legal 'regulatory hurdles'. It explores major barriers within the European Union, aiming to compress the current ~30-year material development pipeline.