Impact of reduced antibiotic treatment duration on antimicrobial resistance in critically ill patients in the randomized controlled SAPS-trial.

Background: In the previously reported SAPS trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01139489), procalcitonin-guidance safely reduced the duration of antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients. We assessed the impact of shorter antibiotic treatment on antimicrobial resistance development in SAPS patients.

Specific associations between fungi and bacteria in broncho-alveolar aspirates from mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients.

The detection of fungi in the human respiratory tract may represent contamination, colonization or a respiratory infection. To develop effective management strategies, a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the lung fungal microbiome is required. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to define the "mycobiome" of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) using broncho-alveolar aspirate ("sputum") samples and correlate this with clinical parameters and the bacterial microbiota.

Adjuvant Effects of Flagellin on the Immunological Patterns of the HIV-1 Vaccine Candidate: Vaccine Formulations Versus Different Routes of Immunization.

New strategies to increase the immune response to HIV-1 vaccine using immunological adjuvants such as Toll-like receptor agonists are needed. In this study, HIV-1 p24-Nef and conjugated form of the vaccine candidate to type-A flagellin (FLA) were injected in the BALB/c mice in different routes. Two weeks after the last immunization, lymphocyte proliferation was measured by the BrdU method.

Cost-effectiveness of procalcitonin testing to guide antibiotic treatment duration in critically ill patients: results from a randomised controlled multicentre trial in the Netherlands.

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) testing can help in safely reducing antibiotic treatment duration in intensive care patients with sepsis. However, the cost-effectiveness of such PCT guidance is not yet known.

Methods: A trial-based analysis was performed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of PCT guidance compared with standard of care (without PCT guidance).

Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on clinical outcomes in intensive care unit patients with infection and sepsis patients: a patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: The clinical utility of serum procalcitonin levels in guiding antibiotic treatment decisions in patients with sepsis remains unclear. This patient-level meta-analysis based on 11 randomized trials investigates the impact of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy on mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with infection, both overall and stratified according to sepsis definition, severity, and type of infection.

Methods: For this meta-analysis focusing on procalcitonin-guided antibiotic management in critically ill patients with sepsis of any type, in February 2018 we updated the database of a previous individual patient data meta-analysis which was limited to patients with respiratory infections only.

Viability and Reproducibility of Periodontal Ligament Cells on Avulsed Teeth Stored in Ham's F-10 Solution.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Ham's F-10 in maintaining the viability and reproducibility of PDL cells on avulsed teeth.

Study Design: Sixty mature, healthy extracted premolars were used. The experimental media used were Ham's F-10, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), skim milk, and tap water (n = 15 specimens each).

Chromogenic in situ Hybridization Compared with Real time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction to Evaluate HER2/neu Status in Breast Cancer.

Background And Objective: The assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status has become of great importance in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (CISH) to assess HER2 status of biopsy specimens.

Methods: To elucidate the status of HER2 gene amplification, biopsies of breast carcinoma from 120 patients with 2+ IHC status were analyzed by qPCR and CISH.

Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction to Evaluate Status in Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer remains the most common and second lethal cancer in females. is one of the most important amplified oncogene in breast cancer. The amplification of is correlated with decreased survival, metastasis, and early recurrence.

JAK2 V617F Mutation in Adult T Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma.

Adult T cell Leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a mature T-cell neoplasm that has strong association with the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) infection. This infection is endemic in our region (north eastern Iran). It has been highlighted that Janus Kinase family proteins and specially JAK2 mutations have a pivotal role in the development of many types of hematological malignancies and in particular myeloproliferative neoplasms.

The effect of deoxyribonucleic acid extraction methods from lymphoid tissue on the purity, content, and amplifying ability.

Background: Nowadays, definitive diagnosis of numerous diseases is based on the genetic and molecular findings. Therefore, preparation of fundamental materials for these evaluations is necessary. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the first material for the molecular pathology and genetic analysis, and better results need more pure DNA.

Prognostic Importance of C-KIT Mutations in Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review.

Objective/background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is defined as leukemic blast reproduction in bone marrow. Chromosomal abnormalities form different subgroups with joint clinical specifications and results. t(8;21)(q22;q22) and inv(16)(p13;q22) form core binding factor-AML (CBF-AML).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as an adjuvant: superiority of a conjugated form of flagellin versus a mixture with a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine candidate in the induction of immune responses.

In the present study, the adjuvant activity of flagellin was compared, in the conjugated and mixed forms, against a peptide vaccine from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24-Nef vaccine candidate. Mice were immunized with the HIV-1 p24-Nef peptide with flagellin in both conjugated and mixed forms. Lymphocyte proliferation, CTL activity, and IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines were evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester and ELISA methods, respectively.

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of fiber reinforced composite bonded retainers and flexible spiral wires retainers in simulated high and low cariogenic environments.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of fiber reinforced composite bonded retainers in comparison with flexible spiral wires (FSWs) under high and low cariogenic-simulated environments using human oral fibroblasts.

Materials And Methods: Four types of bonded retainers were evaluated: (1) reinforced with glass fibers: Interlig (Angelus), (2) reinforced with polyethylene fibers: Connect (Kerr), (3) reinforced with quartz fibers: Quartz Splint UD (RTD), and (4) FSW. Twenty specimens of each sample group were prepared with the same surface area and halved.

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of an Orthodontic Composite Containing Titanium-dioxide Nano-particles.

Background and aims. Incorporation of nano-particles to orthodontic bonding systems has been considered to prevent enamel demineralization around appliances. This study investigated cytotoxicity of Transbond XT adhesive containing 1 wt% titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-particles.

The Role of Fas-FasL Signaling Pathway in Induction of Apoptosis in Patients with Sulfur Mustard-Induced Chronic Bronchiolitis.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkylating agent that induces apoptosis and necrosis in cells. Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) interaction could induce apoptosis as well. In this study, it was hypothesized that apoptosis might play an important role in the pathogenesis of SM-induced lung injury via Fas-FasL signaling pathway.