Executive Function in Preschool Children with Congenital Heart Disease and Controls: The Role of a Cognitively Stimulating Home Environment.

Objective: To assess the relationships between (1) environmental and demographic factors and executive function (EF) in preschool children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and controls and (2) clinical and surgical risk factors and EF in preschool children with CHD.

Study Design: At 4-6 years of age, parents of children with CHD (n = 51) and controls (n = 124) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Preschool Version questionnaire and the Cognitively Stimulating Parenting Scale (CSPS). Multivariable general linear modeling assessed the relationship between Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Preschool Version composite scores (Inhibitory Self-Control Index [ISCI], Flexibility Index [FI], and Emergent Metacognition Index [EMI]) and group (CHD/control), sex, age at assessment, gestational age, Index of Multiple Deprivation, and CSPS scores.

Maximising image quality in small spaces.

A Medical Illustration Department may need to set up a studio in a space that is not designed for that purpose. This joint paper describes the attempts of two separate trusts, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (UHB) and Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals (NNUH), to refurbish unusually small studio spaces of 4m × 2m. Each trust had a substantially different project budget and faced separate obstacles, but both had a shared aim; to maximise the limited studio space and enhance the quality of images produced.