A 5-year study on the effect of hormone therapy, tibolone and raloxifene on vaginal bleeding and endometrial thickness.

Objectives: To study the effect of standard and low-dose estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT), tibolone and raloxifene on the incidence of vaginal spotting/bleeding and endometrial thickness over a 5-year period.

Methods: Seven hundred eighty-six postmenopausal women were studied in an open prospective design. Vaginal spotting/bleeding and endometrial thickness as assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography was compared between six categories of women over a 5-year period: three categories in women on continuous combined estrogen-progestin therapy, one category under tibolone, one category under raloxifene and one under no treatment.

Effect of hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and tibolone on serum leptin levels in healthy postmenopausal women.

Methods: Eighty-four healthy postmenopausal women aged 43-63 years were studied prospectively. Hysterectomized women (n = 16) received conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) 0.