The combination of hyaluronic acids and collagen boosts human Achilles tendon-derived cell escape from inflammation and matrix remodeling in vitro.

Objective: This study explores whether hyaluronic acid (HA) of different molecular weights and collagen, given their role in tendon extracellular matrix maintenance, have a synergistic effect on human tendon-derived cells, with the aim to improve the treatment of tendinopathy.

Material: Human monocytes (CRL-9855™) and primary Achilles tendon-derived cells.

Treatment: The collagen/HA ratio was based on the formulation of the commercial food supplement TendoGenIAL™.

Mucocutaneous relapse during late latent syphilis as initial presentation of HIV infection.

Syphilis is a re-emerging sexually transmitted infection. According to the definition, latent syphilis is characterized by seroreactivity without clinical manifestations. Here, we reported an atypical case of syphilis in a patient with HIV naïve to the antiretroviral treatment characterized by mucocutaneous relapse that occurred in the late latent stage.

Why Single-Chain Nanoparticles from Weak Polyelectrolytes Can Be Synthesized at Large Scale in Concentrated Solution?

Here, the unresolved question of why single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) prepared from a weak polyelectrolyte (PE) precursor can be synthesized on a large scale in a concentrated solution is addressed, unlike SCNPs obtained from an equivalent neutral (nonamphiphilic) polymer precursor. The combination of the standard elastic single-chain nanoparticles (ESN) model -developed for neutral chains- with the classical scaling theory of PE solutions provides the key. Essentially, the long-range repulsion between electrostatic blobs in a weak PE precursor restricts the cross-linking process during SCNPs formation to the interior of each blob.

Diversity of the Morphometric and Biochemical Traits of L. Varieties.

Several L. varieties, representing a versatile set of vegetables widely utilized by consumers, are appreciated for their bioactive properties, including antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant capacities. The aim of this study is to compare the morphometric characteristics and biochemical profiles of four cultivars of , two of them represented by the perennial Sicilian landrace "Cipudda agghiarola" ( × (Moench) Schrader), widely known as the Egyptian walking onion (WO), and by the landrace "Cipudduzza" belonging to the variety known as (ON), which were compared with two commercial cultivars of var.

Amphiphilic Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles as Imaging and Far-Red Photokilling Agents for Photodynamic Therapy in Zebrafish Embryo Xenografts.

This work introduces rationally designed, improved amphiphilic single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) for imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in zebrafish embryo xenografts. SCNPs are ultrasmall polymeric nanoparticles with sizes similar to proteins, making them ideal for biomedical applications. Amphiphilic SCNPs result from the self-assembly in water of isolated synthetic polymeric chains through intrachain hydrophobic interactions, mimicking natural biomacromolecules and, specially, proteins (in size and when loaded with drugs, metal ions or fluorophores also in function).

Artificial Photosynthases: Single-Chain Nanoparticles with Manifold Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity for Challenging "in Water" Organic Reactions.

Photocatalyzed reactions of organic substances in aqueous media are challenging transformations, often because of scarce solubility of substrates and catalyst deactivation. Herein, we report single-chain nanoparticles, SCNPs, capable of efficiently catalyzing four different "in water" organic reactions by employing visible light as the only external energy source. Specifically, we decorated a high-molecular-weight copolymer, poly(OEGMA--AEMA), with iridium(III) cyclometalated complex pendants at varying content amounts.

Anionic Methacrylate Copolymer Microparticles for the Delivery of Myo-Inositol Produced by Spray-Drying: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioavailability.

In this study, a new micro delivery system based on an anionic methacrylate copolymer, able to improve the biological response of myo-inositol by daily oral administration, was manufactured by spray-drying. It has an ideal dose form for oral administration, with an experimental drug loading (DL)% of 14% and a regulated particle size of less than 15 µm. The new formulation features an improvement on traditional formulations used as a chronic therapy for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Temperature Evolution of Magnon Propagation Length in TmFeO Thin Films: Roles of Magnetic Anisotropy and Gilbert Damping.

The magnon propagation length, ⟨ξ⟩, of a ferro-/ferrimagnet (FM) is one of the key factors that controls the generation and propagation of thermally driven magnonic spin current in FM/heavy metal (HM) bilayer based spincaloritronic devices. For the development of a complete physical picture of thermally driven magnon transport in FM/HM bilayers over a wide temperature range, it is of utmost importance to understand the respective roles of temperature-dependent Gilbert damping (α) and effective magnetic anisotropy () in controlling the temperature evolution of ⟨ξ⟩. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of the temperature-dependent longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE), radio frequency transverse susceptibility, and broad-band ferromagnetic resonance measurements on TmFeO (TmIG)/Pt bilayers grown on different substrates.

Large Thermo-Spin Effects in Heusler Alloy-Based Spin Gapless Semiconductor Thin Films.

Recently, Heusler alloy-based spin gapless semiconductors (SGSs) with high Curie temperature () and sizable spin polarization have emerged as potential candidates for tunable spintronic applications. We report comprehensive investigation of the temperature-dependent ANE and intrinsic longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) in CoFeCrGa thin films grown on MgO substrates. Our findings show that the anomalous Nernst coefficient for the MgO/CoFeCrGa (95 nm) film is ≈1.

Enhanced Magnetism and Anomalous Hall Transport through Two-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide Interfaces.

The magnetic proximity effect (MPE) has recently been explored to manipulate interfacial properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)/ferromagnet heterostructures for use in spintronics and valleytronics. However, a full understanding of the MPE and its temperature and magnetic field evolution in these systems is lacking. In this study, the MPE has been probed in Pt/WS/BPIO (biphase iron oxide, FeO and α-FeO) heterostructures through a comprehensive investigation of their magnetic and transport properties using magnetometry, four-probe resistivity, and anomalous Hall effect (AHE) measurements.

Influence of Nanoaggregation Routes on the Structure and Thermal Behavior of Multiple-Stimuli-Responsive Micelles from Block Copolymers of Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate and the Weak Acid [2-(Hydroxyimino)aldehyde]butyl Methacrylate.

In this work, we compare nanoaggregation driven by pH-induced micellization (PIM) and by the standard solvent displacement (SD) method on a series of pH-, light-, and thermosensitive amphiphilic block copolymers. Specifically, we investigate poly(HIABMA)--poly(OEGMA) and poly(HIABMA)--poly(DEGMA--OEGMA), where HIABMA = [(hydroxyimino)aldehyde]butyl methacrylate, OEGMA = oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate, and DEGMA = di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate. The weakly acidic HIA group (p ≈ 8) imparts stability to micelles at neutral pH, unlike most of the pH-responsive copolymers investigated in the literature.

Imaging the cAMP Signaling Microdomain of the Primary Cilium Using Targeted FRET-Based Biosensors.

Optical approaches have revolutionized our view of second messenger signaling in organelles, allowing precise time-resolved assessment of soluble signaling molecules in situ. Among the most challenging of subcellular signaling microdomains to assay is the primary cilium. A petite but visually arresting organelle, the primary cilium extends from the cell surface of most non-dividing cells.

Spin Seebeck Effect in Iron Oxide Thin Films: Effects of Phase Transition, Phase Coexistence, And Surface Magnetism.

Understanding the effects of phase transition, phase coexistence, and surface magnetism on the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) in a magnetic system is essential to manipulate the spin to charge current conversion efficiency for spincaloritronic applications. We aim to elucidate these effects by performing a comprehensive study of the temperature dependence of the LSSE in biphase iron oxide (BPIO = α-FeO + FeO) thin films grown on Si (100) and AlO (111) substrates. A combination of a temperature-dependent anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) and electrical resistivity measurements show that the contribution of the ANE from the BPIO layer is negligible in comparison to the intrinsic LSSE in the Si/BPIO/Pt heterostructure, even at room temperature.

Quantifying Spin-Mixed States in Ferromagnets.

We quantify the presence of spin-mixed states in ferromagnetic 3D transition metals by precise measurement of the orbital moment. While central to phenomena such as Elliot-Yafet scattering, quantification of the spin-mixing parameter has hitherto been confined to theoretical calculations. We demonstrate that this information is also available by experimental means.

Cyclic AMP does double duty to support parallel signaling in primary cilium and cytosol.

The primary cilium maintains all of the necessary machinery to generate and interpret cAMP signals within its tiny volume, leading to the supposition that ciliary cAMP provides unique biological instructions separate from those derived from the rest of the cell body. A new paper by Truong et al. has used optogenetic and chemogenetic tricks to selectively manipulate cAMP signaling within the primary cilium.

Perpendicular and in-plane hole asymmetry in a strained NiFeOfilm.

Strained materials can exhibit drastically modified physical properties in comparison to their fully relaxed analogues. We report on the x-ray absorption spectra (XAS) and magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) of a strained NiFeOinverse spinel film grown on a symmetry matched single crystal MgGaOsubstrate. The Ni XAS spectra exhibit a sizable difference in the white line intensity for measurements with the x-ray electric field parallel to the film plane (normal incidence) vs when the electric field is at an angle (off-normal).

Persistent increase of I.V. cocaine self-administration in a subgroup of C57BL/6J male mice after social defeat stress.

Rationale: Stressful life experiences can persistently increase the motivation for, and consumption of, intensely rewarding stimuli, like cocaine, over time. In rodents, intermittent versus continuous exposure to social stress engenders opposing changes to reward-related behavior, as measured by consumption of sucrose and cocaine.

Objective: The present study examines if the effects of intermittent versus continuous social stress on cocaine self-administration in mice parallel those seen in rats.

Social defeat stress and escalation of cocaine and alcohol consumption: Focus on CRF.

Both the ostensibly aversive effects of unpredictable episodes of social stress and the intensely rewarding effects of drugs of abuse activate the mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems. Significant neuroadaptations in interacting stress and reward neurocircuitry may underlie the striking connection between stress and substance use disorders. In rodent models, recurring intermittent exposure to social defeat stress appears to produce a distinct profile of neuroadaptations that translates most readily to the repercussions of social stress in humans.

Is More Always Merrier? Intersectionality as an Antecedent of Job Insecurity.

As modern workplace environments are becoming increasingly diverse, the experiences of disenfranchised employees have become a topic of great interest to scholars and business professionals alike. While the experiences of individuals with singular stigmatized identities have been well-established, a dearth of research has assessed how intersectionality, i.e.

Aromatase Acetylation Patterns and Altered Activity in Response to Sirtuin Inhibition.

Aromatase, a cytochrome P450 member, is a key enzyme involved in estrogen biosynthesis and is dysregulated in the majority of breast cancers. Studies have shown that lysine deacetylase inhibitors (KDI) decrease aromatase expression in cancer cells, yet many unknowns remain regarding the mechanism by which this occurs. However, advances have been made to clarify factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of the aromatase gene ().

Nature of the metal-insulator transition in few-unit-cell-thick LaNiO films.

The nature of the metal-insulator transition in thin films and superlattices of LaNiO only a few unit cells in thickness remains elusive despite tremendous effort. Quantum confinement and epitaxial strain have been evoked as the mechanisms, although other factors such as growth-induced disorder, cation non-stoichiometry, oxygen vacancies, and substrate-film interface quality may also affect the observable properties of ultrathin films. Here we report results obtained for near-ideal LaNiO films with different thicknesses and terminations grown by atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular beam epitaxy on LaAlO substrates.

Phase Coexistence and Kinetic Arrest in the Magnetostructural Transition of the Ordered Alloy FeRh.

In materials where two or more ordering degrees of freedom are closely matched in their free energies, coupling between them, or multiferroic behavior can occur. These phenomena can produce a very rich phase behavior, as well as emergent phases that offer useful properties and opportunities to reveal novel phenomena in phase transitions. The ordered alloy FeRh undergoes an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition at ~375 K, which illustrates the interplay between structural and magnetic order mediated by a delicate energy balance between two configurations.

Pathophysiological Bases of Comorbidity: Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

The high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses encountered in recent years by the United States Veterans Affairs Healthcare System have increased public awareness and research investigation into these conditions. In this review, we analyze the neural mechanisms underlying the TBI/PTSD comorbidity. TBI and PTSD present with common neuropsychiatric symptoms including anxiety, irritability, insomnia, personality changes, and memory problems, and this overlap complicates diagnostic differentiation.

Interface-Induced Phenomena in Magnetism.

This article reviews static and dynamic interfacial effects in magnetism, focusing on interfacially-driven magnetic effects and phenomena associated with spin-orbit coupling and intrinsic symmetry breaking at interfaces. It provides a historical background and literature survey, but focuses on recent progress, identifying the most exciting new scientific results and pointing to promising future research directions. It starts with an introduction and overview of how basic magnetic properties are affected by interfaces, then turns to a discussion of charge and spin transport through and near interfaces and how these can be used to control the properties of the magnetic layer.