According to long-term projections, by 2030, the world's population is predicted to reach 7.5 billion individuals, and there will be roughly 27 million new cancer cases diagnosed. The global burden of breast cancer (BC) is expected to rise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The diagnosis of the superior mesenteric syndrome depends on measuring the distance and angle between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta on CT scan in the presence of duodenal compression. Studies examining the normal range of these measurements are scarce and none of them was conducted on the Iraqi population. The aim of this study was to assess the values of aorto-SMA angle (AMA) and aorto-SMA distance (AMD) in asymptomatic patients to define the normal range in the Iraqi population and to compare it with the normal published range and different demographical values and body mass index (BMI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDyskerin is a core-component of the telomerase holo-enzyme, which elongates telomeres. Telomerase is involved in endometrial epithelial cell proliferation. Most endometrial cancers (ECs) have high telomerase activity; however, dyskerin expression in human healthy endometrium or in endometrial pathologies has not been investigated yet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTelomeres are transcribed as long non-coding RNAs called TERRAs (Telomeric repeat containing RNA) that participate in a variety of cellular regulatory functions. High telomerase activity (TA) is associated with endometrial cancer (EC). This study aimed to examine the levels of three TERRAs, transcribed at chromosomes 1q-2q-4q-10q-13q-22q, 16p and 20q in healthy ( = 23) and pathological ( = 24) human endometrium and to examine their association with cellular proliferation, TA and telomere lengths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe human uterus consists of the inner endometrium, the myometrium, and the outer serosa. Knowledge of the function of the uterus in health and disease is relevant to reproduction, fertility, embryology, gynaecology, endocrinology, and oncology. Research performed on uterine biopsies is essential to further the current understanding of human uterine biology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Biomarkers for identification of endometrial cancers (ECs) with high risk of recurrence are required to reduce the rising EC-related mortality. AGR2 is a prognostic marker in several hormonally-regulated cancers.
Aim: To assess the utility of AGR2 as a prognostic marker in EC.
Objective: Translational endometrial cancer (EC) research benefits from an in vitro experimental approach using EC cell lines. We demonstrated the steps that are required to examine estrogen-induced proliferative response, a simple yet important research question pertinent to EC, and devised a pragmatic methodological workflow for using EC cell lines in experimental models.
Methods: Comprehensive review of all commercially available EC cell lines was carried out, and Ishikawa cell line was selected to study the estrogen responsiveness with HEC1A, RL95-2, and MFE280 cell lines as comparators where appropriate, examining relevant differential molecular (steroid receptors) and functional (phenotype, anchorage-independent growth, hormone responsiveness, migration, invasion, and chemosensitivity) characteristics in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cultures in vitro using immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the commonest gynaecological cancer in the Western World with an alarmingly increasing incidence related to longevity and obesity. Ovarian hormones regulate normal human endometrial cell proliferation, regeneration and function therefore are implicated in endometrial carcinogenesis directly or via influencing other hormones and metabolic pathways. Although the role of unopposed oestrogen in the pathogenesis of EC has received considerable attention, the emerging role of other hormones in this process, such as androgens and gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) is less well recognised.
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