Mechanistic Insights into the Binding of Boar Salivary Pheromones and Putative Molecule with Receptor Proteins: A Comparative Computational Approach.

Precise estrus detection in sows is pivotal in increasing the productivity within the pork industry. Sows in estrus exhibit exclusive behaviors when exposed to either a live boar or the steroid pheromones androstenone and androstenol. Recently, a study employing solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has identified a novel salivary molecule in boars, known as quinoline.

Hexadecanoic acid analogs as potential CviR-mediated quorum sensing inhibitors in : an study.

is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and opportunistic human pathogen. is resistant to various antibiotics due to the production of quorum sensing (QS)-controlled virulence factor and biofilm formation. Hence, we need to find alternative strategies to overcome the antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in Gram-negative bacteria.

Ectopic pregnancy: search for biomarker in salivary proteome.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality. Ultrasonography is the only dependable diagnostic tool for confirming an ectopic pregnancy. In view of inadequate early detection methods, women suffer from a high-life risk due to the severity of EP.

Pheromones, binding proteins, and olfactory systems in the pig (): An updated review.

Pigs utilize multimodal communication for reproductive and other behaviors, and chemical communication is one of the key components. The success of reproduction relies on chemical communication favored by the steroid pheromones from boar saliva. These steroids were proven to be involved in advancing puberty in gilts (the boar effect) and in promoting estrus behaviors in gilts/sows, thereby helping to detect estrus and facilitating the timing of artificial insemination.

Bioconversion of lovastatin to simvastatin by Streptomyces carpaticus toward the inhibition of HMG-CoA activity.

The aim of this study was the modification of lovastatin by microbes to improve its potential. Actinobacteria exhibit staggering diversity in terms of their biosynthetic capability for specialized metabolites which has been traced back to the presence of specialized gene clusters. The objective of the study is to exploit the potential of Actinobacteria strain(s), which can biotransform lovastatin to simvastatin, which might be a more potent therapeutic agent than lovastatin.

Histomorphology and Chemical Constituents of Interdigital Gland of Vembur Sheep, .

The interdigital gland is a specialized skin gland located between the digits of Artiodactyla (i.e., even-toed ungulates).

The Exoproteome of Isolated from Cervical Mucus during the Estrus Phase in Water Buffalo ().

Bacterial extracellular proteins participate in the host cell communication by virtue of the modulation of pathogenicity, commensalism and mutualism. Studies on the microbiome of cervical mucus of the water buffalo () have shown the occurrence of and that the presence of this bacterium is indicative of various physiological and reproductive states in the host. Recently, has been isolated from the cervical mucus of the buffalo during the different phases of estrous cycle, and has proved to be much more pronounced during the estrus phase.

Mollification of Doxorubicin (DOX)-Mediated Cardiotoxicity Using Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles with Supplementation of Propionic Acid.

Doxorubicin is an extensively prescribed antineoplastic agent. It is also known for adverse effects, among which cardiotoxicity tops the list. The possible mechanism underlying doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated cardiotoxicity has been investigated in this study.

Salivary Proteome Profile of Women during Fertile Phase of Menstrual Cycle as Characterized by Mass Spectrometry.

Objectives: Ovulation is such a critical physiological process that its noninvasive detection based on salivary constituents has several advantages in humans. Hence, the present study is proposed to identify the ovulatory-specific proteins in saliva in order to detect ovulation phase.

Materials And Methods: Samples were collected from women volunteers.

Anticancer Potential of L-Histidine-Capped Silver Nanoparticles against Human Cervical Cancer Cells (SiHA).

This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using amino acid L-histidine as a reducing and capping agent as an eco-friendly approach. Fabricated L-histidine-capped silver nanoparticles (L-HAgNPs) were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic studies. Spherical shaped L-HAgNPs were synthesized with a particle size of 47.

Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular View of β-Amyloid Induced Morbific Events.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a dynamic peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which accelerates the disease progression. At the cell membrane and cell compartments, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes amyloidogenic cleavage by β- and γ-secretases and engenders the Aβ. In addition, externally produced Aβ gets inside the cells by receptors mediated internalization.

Staphylococcus pasteuri (BCVME2) Resident in Buffalo Cervical Vaginal Mucus: A Potential Source of Estrus-Specific Sex Pheromone(s).

Mammals have microbes resident in their reproductive tract, some of which can be pathogenic while others may play a role in protecting the tract from infection. Volatile compounds play a role as sex pheromones that attract males for coitus during female estrus or heat. It is likely that these compounds themselves are secondary metabolites of bacterial flora resident in the vagina.

Pig pheromones and behaviors: A review.

Chemical signals play indispensable roles in the communication and social behavior of many organisms. Pheromones are a class of chemical signals identified initially in insects. Later, it became evident that diverse animals secrete pheromones in their body exudates and from exocrine glands and use them for social communication.

Significance of cervico-vaginal microbes in bovine reproduction and pheromone production - A hypothetical review.

The vaginal microbiota has been studied in animal reproduction and fertility, in particular little information of vaginal microbes in reference to bovine reproduction and pheromone production is known. The vaginal mucosa in healthy cow is colonized by an equilibrated and dynamic composition of aerobic, facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic microbes. Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) composition, viscosity and volume vary with the cyclicity and health status of the reproductive tract.

Molecular and functional characterization of buffalo nasal epithelial odorant binding proteins and their structural insights by and biochemical approaches.

The olfactory system is capable of detecting and distinguishing thousands of environmental odorants that play a key role in reproduction, social behaviours including pheromones influenced classical events. Membrane secretary odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are soluble lipocalins, localized in the nasal membrane of mammals. They bind and carry odorants within the nasal epithelium to putative olfactory transmembrane receptors (ORs).

Reproductive enhancement in buffalo: looking at urinary pheromones and hormones.

The success of conception in buffalo is greatly dependent on precise estrus detection and time of artificial insemination (AI). Various visual, behavioral, biochemical and gyneco-clinical parameters have been tracked closely and a cost-effective combinatorial model has been developed to detect estrus in buffaloes. Pheromones play pivotal roles in reproduction and behavior of mammals.

Detection of estrous biomarkers in the body exudates of Kangayam cattle (Bos indicus) from interplay of hormones and behavioral expressions.

Behavioral expressions and biochemical composition of body exudates are significantly altered in concert with the endocrine status, which are all clear indicators of physiological conditions of animals. In this study, we sought to infer about the reproductive physiological status of Kangayam cattle (Bos indicus) by analyzing behaviors, endocrine pattern, and body exudates and further to discover estrous biomarkers so as to facilitate timely artificial insemination/mating and to aid in aspects of conservation of the species. Therefore, in this study, we followed Kangayam cows through pre-estrous to post-estrous phases to correlate the endocrine dependence of biochemical constituents in urine and cervical mucus and sought to identify estrous biomarkers.

Salivary luteinizing hormone: An open window to detect oestrous period in buffalo.

Silent oestrus is an unsurmountable problem in the management of buffalo reproduction. In addressing this issue, we have earlier reported variation in the levels of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) through the different phases of oestrous cycle with an extended window during the mid-oestrous phase. Based on this report, the present study is designed to assess the salivary LH levels in buffalo during the different phases of oestrous cycle.

A novel method to detect bovine sex pheromones using l-tyrosine-capped silver nanoparticles: Special reference to nanosensor based estrus detection.

In the present study, a simple and a selective colorimetric method for pheromone detection to diagnose estrus in cattle was established based on the l-tyrosine functionalized silver nanoparticles (l-TyrAgNPs). The synthesized silver nanoparticles was spotted by color change (colorless to pale yellow) due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In order to confirm, Ag nanoparticles was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV- Vis spectrophotometer.

Blood brain barrier: A tissue engineered microfluidic chip.

With the increasing concern of neurological diseases, the improvised therapy for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease is crucial. Yet, the efficacious delivery of drug across blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a formidable challenge. BBB acts as a gate keeper to prevent the ingress of harmful foreign agents into the brain.

Nglyc: A Random Forest Method for Prediction of N-Glycosylation Sites in Eukaryotic Protein Sequence.

Background: N-Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational mechanisms in eukaryotes. N-glycosylation predominantly occurs in N-X-[S/T] sequon where X is any amino acid other than proline. However, not all N-X-[S/T] sequons in proteins are glycosylated.

Identification of potential pheromone source in sows.

Pheromones play a pivotal role in intra-species communication for reproduction and social behavior in a variety of mammals, such as boars. For boars, saliva is a rich source of pheromones, however, the identification of additional sources and relative abundance of pheromones in various body fluids of sows is also essential to understand the reproductive behaviors of pigs. The present study was designed to identify the source(s) of pheromones in sows.

Anticancer potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles against cervical carcinoma cells synthesized via biogenic route using aqueous extract of Gracilaria edulis.

Development of novel approach for cancer therapy, sparing healthy normal cells overcoming the limitation of available therapies is of prime importance for cervical cancer treatment. Recently metal oxide based chemotherapeutics has emanated as a promising approach for cancer therapy. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess the anticancer potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesized using biogenic source, aqueous extract of Gracilaria edulis.

Muscle extract of Arothron immaculatus regulates the blood glucose level and the antioxidant system in high-fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

In the present study pufferfish, Arothron immaculatus muscle methanol extract (AIME) was used to evaluate the antidiabetic activity against the high-fat diet (HFD) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat models. Initially, the In vitro antioxidant activity of the different muscle extract was evaluated which showed that AIME has higher efficiency to scavenge the free radicals. The animal study results revealed that the AIME could decrease the blood glucose level after 14 days of oral treatment and recover the animal from the severe progression of the disease.