Circulating Extracellular Vesicles as Promising Biomarkers for Precession Diagnostics: A Perspective on Lung Cancer.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy, owing to their ubiquitous presence in bodily fluids and their ability to carry disease-related cargo. Recognizing their significance in disease diagnosis and treatment, substantial efforts have been dedicated to developing efficient methods for EV isolation, detection, and analysis. EVs, heterogeneous membrane-encapsulated vesicles secreted by all cells, contain bioactive substances capable of modulating recipient cell biology upon internalization, including proteins, lipids, DNA, and various RNAs.

Clinical utility of relative telomere length analysis in pediatric bone marrow failure.

Introduction: Telomere length related studies are limited in pediatric marrow failure cases due to difficulty in establishing population specific age related normograms. Moreover, there is paucity of data related to clinical relevance of telomere length in idiopathic aplastic anemia (IAA) and non telomere biology inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) cases.

Methodology: Hence, in current study we investigated Relative telomere length (RTL) by RQ-PCR in 83 samples as: healthy controls (n = 44), IAA (n = 15) and IBMFS (n = 24).

Development of an anti-infective urinary catheter composed of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/methylcellulose/polyethylene glycol by using a pressure-assisted 3D-printing technique.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a common complication associated with catheterization, leading to urosepsis, bacteriuria, and septicaemia. The present work focuses on 3D printing a urinary catheter with anti-infective properties using various concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, e.g.

Wound healing activities of PVA-urea composites from Ormocarpum cochinchinense.

The aim of this work is to prepare ternary blended polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-urea hydrogels containing Ormocarpum cochinchinense, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and antibiotic cephalexin by freezing-thawing method in order to assess the wound healing qualities. In addition to being a synthetic polymer, PVA is a recyclable and biocompatible artificial polymer blend that has attracted a lot of interest in biological applications. The freezing-thawing process with PVA-urea blend is used to make hydrogel film.

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant in Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block using 0.25% Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgeries under Entropy-Guided General Anesthesia.

Context: Ultrasound-guided bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) is a technique described for thyroid surgeries for postoperative analgesia as the surgery can cause severe pain and discomfort. Perineural dexamethasone is known to prolong analgesic duration and reduce postoperative nausea/vomiting.

Aims: To assess the efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to BSCPB with 0.

Pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema in spontaneous pneumothorax.

Spontaneous pneumothorax leading to pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and surgical emphysema is a benign condition. Progression to the development of epidural pneumatosis is rare. We report a 19-year-old man who presented with dyspnoea and swelling of the chest wall following a bout of cough.

Application of a Non-Linear multi-model Ayurveda Intervention in elderly COVID-19 patients- a retrospective case series.

The COVID-19 pandemic is ravaging the world, leaving the mainstream medical system handicapped with no proven treatment at one end and the ambiguities regarding the efficacies of vaccines at the other. The elderly population is at greater risk in terms of complications and death. The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) against COVID-19 has already been documented in countries like China with a national participation rate of 90%.

Impact of chronic hyperglycemia on Small Heat Shock Proteins in diabetic rat brain.

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a family of proteins. Some are induced in response to multiple stimuli and others are constitutively expressed. They are involved in fundamental cellular processes, including protein folding, apoptosis, and maintenance of cytoskeletal integrity.

The Glucose Metabolic Pathway as A Potential Target for Therapeutics: Crucial Role of Glycosylation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Glucose uptake in the brain decreases because of normal aging but this decline is accelerated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In fact, positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that metabolic reductions in AD patients occur decades before the onset of symptoms, suggesting that metabolic deficits may be an upstream event in at least some late-onset cases. A decrease in availability of glucose content induces a considerable impairment/downregulation of glycosylation, which is an important post-translational modification.

The Dual Role of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacotherapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related dementia and neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by Aβ and tau protein deposition impairing learning, memory and suppressing synaptic plasticity of neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that there is a link between the glucose and glutamate alterations with age that down-regulates glucose utilization reducing glutamate levels in AD patients. Deviations in brain energy metabolism reinforce the development of AD by hampering glutamate levels in the brain.

Self-assembled drug loaded glycosyl-protein metal nanoconstruct: Detailed synthetic procedure and therapeutic effect in solid tumor treatment.

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery research has largely focused on developing well efficient localized delivery therapeutic agents to overcome the limitations of non-specificity and toxicity of conventional chemotherapy. Herein, we constructed a nanoplatform based on a self-assembled polysaccharide-protein conjugate to deliver anti-tumor drug doxorubicin and gold nanoparticles (DOX@PST-BSA AuNPs) for cancer therapy. The self-assembled DOX@PST-BSA AuNPs exhibited higher stability and thermal properties which enable them for drug delivery via passive targeting.

Doxorubicin eluting microporous polysaccharide scaffolds: An implantable device to expunge tumour.

A variety of naturally derived and synthetic biomaterial scaffolds have been investigated as 3D environments for supporting cell growth and can be used to achieve drug delivery with high loading efficiency. Polysaccharides which enhance the tumour-specific drug release are ideal candidates for scaffold preparation in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for the management of solid tumours by local applications. Galactoxyloglucan (PST001) based porous scaffolds (PS) were prepared by crosslinking and freeze drying with a porosity of 90%.

Semi-interpenetrating nanosilver doped polysaccharide hydrogel scaffolds for cutaneous wound healing.

The extensive advancement with novel wound dressing materials functionalized with desirable properties, often touted as a panacea for cuts and burns afflicting various pathologies. However, it would indeed be a hard task to isolate any such material which perfectly fits the needs of any biomedical issue at hand. Biocompatibility, biodegradability as well as non-toxicity of natural polysaccharide served as a versatile and tunable platform for designing natural polysaccharide based scaffolds as an attractive tool in tissue engineering with a greater degree of acceptability.

Design a prototype for automated patient diagnosis in wireless sensor networks.

It is indeed necessary to design of an elderly support mobile healthcare and monitoring system on wireless sensor network (WSN) for dynamic monitoring. It comes from the need for maintenance of healthcare among patients and elderly people that leads to the demand on change in traditional monitoring approaches among chronic disease patients and alert on acute events. In this paper, we propose a new automated patient diagnosis called automated patient diagnosis (AUPA) using ATmega microcontrollers over environmental sensors.

Overcoming drug-resistance in lung cancer cells by paclitaxel loaded galactoxyloglucan nanoparticles.

Paclitaxel, an effective chemotherapeutic drug, is insoluble in aqueous solvents and is usually administered with excipients which have side effects. The use of this drug is also limited due to multi-drug resistance. In this study polysaccharide nanoparticles are used in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drug while minimizing side-effects, solubility issues and drug resistance.

Family-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Study Identifies an Variant in an Infant with Primary Immunodeficiency.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a rare and heterogeneous group of inherited genetic disorders that are characterized by an absent or impaired immune system. In this report, we describe the use of next-generation sequencing to investigate a male infant with clinical and immunological manifestations suggestive of a PID. Whole-exome sequencing of the infant along with his parents revealed a novel nucleotide variant (cytosine to adenine substitution at nucleotide position 252) in the coding region of the interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma () gene.

Galactomannan endowed biogenic silver nanoparticles exposed enhanced cancer cytotoxicity with excellent biocompatibility.

Galactomannan isolated from the fruit rind of Punica granatum was previously reported to have excellent antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties against both human and murine cancer cells. This polysaccharide was proved to be an anticancer agent either alone or as an adjuvant to chemotherapy. An exploration leads to the fabrication of silver nanoparticles with an average size around 30 nm and a negative surface charge of 35.

Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) on developmental stages of house fly, .

The housefly, is a major domestic, medical and veterinary pest. The management of these flies reliance on insecticide, causes environmental constraints, insecticide resistance and residues in the meat, skin. Therefore one of the eco-friendly alternate methods is by using biological agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN).