p-Coumaric acid protects against D-galactose induced neurotoxicity by attenuating neuroinflammation and apoptosis in mice brain.

D-galactose (D-gal) induced senescence in rodents is a widely used model for assessment of molecules affecting brain ageing. Chronic administration of D-gal causes neuroinflammation leading to cognitive deficit and memory impairment which represent Alzheimer's dementia. In present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the natural phenol, p-Coumaric acid (PCA) and its underlying mechanism in the chronic D-gal treated mice.

p-Coumaric acid mitigates lipopolysaccharide induced brain damage via alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

Objectives: Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide induces neuroinflammation leading to cognitive deficit and memory impairment. Herein, we investigated the effects of p-Coumaric acid (PCA) in LPS induced neuroinflammation in mice. PCA is reported to possess free radicle scavenging and neuroprotective action.

Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice by Reducing Apoptosis, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Effects.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is reported to have a neuroprotective activity; however, the role of HS in neuroinflammation-induced neuronal damage is ambiguous. Here, we aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms for the neuroprotective effect of NaHS, a known HS donor, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment (MI). All the treatments were administered for 28 days, and LPS (0.

Amelioration of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment using Rosmarinic acid in mice.

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal part in the manifestation of neuroinflammation, which further leads to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation resulting in memory impairment (MI) and cognitive decline. In this study, we evaluated whether prophylactic administration of Rosmarinic acid (RA), a naturally occurring compound, exerts a neuroprotective effect in LPS-induced MI and cognitive decline.

Insulin resistance: a connecting link between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disorder.

Recent evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely linked with insulin resistance, as seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin signaling is impaired in AD brains due to insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD and T2DM are connected at molecular, clinical, and epidemiological levels making it imperative to understand the contribution of T2DM, and other metabolic disorders, to AD pathogenesis.

Chrysin mitigated obesity by regulating energy intake and expenditure in rats.

Background And Aim: Chrysin is a flavonoid found in plant extracts from species, honey and propolis. It has demonstrated anti-adipogenic activity but there are no studies substantiating the anti-obesity activity of chrysin .

Experimental Procedure: The pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory potential of chrysin was determined by preliminary screening and further confirmed by PL inhibitory assay and oral fat tolerance test (OFTT).

Chrysin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It begins with the accumulation of fat in the liver (simple steatosis), which if untreated can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chrysin is a flavonoid present in bee propolis and many other plants.

Plumbagin reduces obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by fructose in rats through regulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress.

Background: Chronic consumption of fructose causes obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Currently available therapies have limitations; hence there is a need to screen new molecules. Plumbagin is a naphthoquinone present in the roots of Plumbago species which has hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective activities.

Imperatorin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced memory deficit by mitigating proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and modulating brain-derived neurotropic factor.

Background: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria has been reported to cause neuroinflammation and learning and memory deficits. There are reports describing the beneficial effects of Imperatorin (IMP), a naturally occurring furanocoumarin in central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as anxiety and epilepsy.

Objective: In the current study, we investigated whether IMP protects against LPS mediated memory deficits and neuroinflammation.

Punica granatum improves renal function in gentamicin-induced nephropathy in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress.

Background: Gentamicin is widely used as an antibiotic for the treatment of gram negative infections. Evidences indicates that oxidative stress is involved in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. In Ayurvedic medicine, Punica granatum Linn.

In vitro antiglycating effect and in vivo neuroprotective activity of Trigonelline in d-galactose induced cognitive impairment.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and cognitive impairment. Literature cites the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in AD due to increased cytotoxicity via oxidative stress. d-galactose (d-gal) induced amnesia stimulates Aβ overproduction via increased oxidative stress and AGEs.

Trigonelline insulates against oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and restores BDNF levels in lipopolysaccharide induced cognitive impairment in adult mice.

Neuroinflammation is said to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Trigonelline (TRG) is a naturally occurring alkaloid, commonly isolated from fenugreek and coffee beans. In the present study, we investigated whether TRG exerts neuroprotective action against LPS mediated cognitive impairment.

Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Linn. leaves extract.

With an objective to develop Complementary and Alternative Medicine for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, the present study investigated the protective effects of methanolic extract of leaves (MPGL) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy has become a leading cause of end stage renal failure worldwide. , due to its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities may retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Agmatine attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anxiety, depression-like behaviours and cognitive impairment by modulating nitrergic signalling pathway.

Agmatine, a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator, has shown to exert numerous effects on the CNS. Chronic stress is a risk factor for development of depression, anxiety and deterioration of cognitive performance. Compelling evidences indicate an involvement of nitric oxide (NO) pathway in these disorders.

Neuroprotective effect of curcumin as evinced by abrogation of rotenone-induced motor deficits, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunctions in mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from rhizomes of Curcuma longa (turmeric), a plant in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) has been used worldwide and extensively in Southeast Asia. Curcumin exhibited numerous biological and pharmacological activities including potent antioxidant, cardiovascular disease, anticancer, anti-inflammatory effects and neurodegenerative disorders in cell cultures and animal models. Hence, the present study was designed in order to explore the possible neuroprotective role of curcumin against rotenone induced cognitive impairment, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice.

Agmatine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced depressive-like behaviour in mice by targeting the underlying inflammatory and oxido-nitrosative mediators.

Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Agmatine is a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator that has emerged as a potential agent to manage diverse central nervous system disorders. Agmatine has been shown to exert antidepressant-like effect.

Kinetics of Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase Using Curcumin and Ellagic Acid.

Background: Curcumin and ellagic are the natural polyphenols having a wide range of pharmacological actions. They have been reported to have their use in various neurological disorders.

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin and ellagic acid on the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO), the enzyme responsible for metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters which are pivotal for neuronal development and function.

Involvement of nitric oxide in anticompulsive-like effect of agmatine on marble-burying behaviour in mice.

In view of the reports that nitric oxide modulates the neurotransmitters implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), patients with OCD exhibit higher plasma nitrate levels, and drugs useful in OCD influence nitric oxide. Agmatine is a polyamine and widely distributed in mammalian brain which interacts with nitrergic systems. Hence, the present study was carried out to understand the involvement of nitrergic systems in the anticompulsive-like effect of agmatine.

Therapeutic Effect of Saponin Rich Fraction of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Objective. Achyranthes aspera Linn. (AA) is used in folklore for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments and arthritis like conditions.

Arzanol, a potent mPGES-1 inhibitor: novel anti-inflammatory agent.

Arzanol is a novel phloroglucinol α -pyrone, isolated from a Mediterranean plant Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don ssp. microphyllum which belongs to the family Asteraceae. Arzanol has been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Typha angustifolia pollen grains extracts in experimental animals.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and 70% methanolic extracts of pollen grains of Typha angustifolia.

Materials And Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats were used for the study. The acute anti-inflammatory activity of pollen grains of T.

Gastroprotective Effect of Oxalis corniculata (Whole Plant) on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulceration in Wistar Rats.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antiulcer activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata (whole plant) using pylorus ligation and indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in Wistar rats. The extract was preliminary evaluated for acute oral toxicity test using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines 423. Further, it was studied for antiulcer potential at the dose levels of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg.

An evaluation of the antidiabetic effects of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in experimental animals.

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus (EAG) in experimental animals.

Materials And Methods: The hypoglycemic activity of the EGA was evaluated in normoglycemic rats by single dose at three graded dose levels, viz. 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight.

In vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory activity of Woodfordia fruticosa flowers on non-specific immunity.

Context: Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. (Lythraceae), a non-rasayana immunomodulatory Indian medicinal plant, used traditionally as an anthelmintic, in dysentery, leprosy, blood diseases, leucorrhea, and menorrhagia.

Objective: To investigate the effect of ethanol extract of W.