Synchronous Bilateral Multifocal Warthin's Tumor Mimicking Primary Malignancy on F-FDG Whole Body PET/CT in a Case of Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes from Unknown Primary Malignancy.

Warthin's tumor is a benign and frequently encountered salivary gland neoplasm. Bilaterality and multifocality are rare in Warthin's tumor. Synchronous cervical lymph nodal metastasis with unknown primary in a case of Warthin's tumor can raise a suspicion of primary malignancy of the parotid gland.

Fall in Ki67 Index After Short-Term Preoperative Letrozole: a Gateway to Assess the Response in Hormone-Positive Early Breast Cancers.

Endocrine treatment for breast cancer acts largely by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. The study aimed to explore the fall in proliferative marker Ki67 in patients receiving preoperative endocrine therapy and the factors associated with it. A prospective series of hormone receptor-positive postmenopausal women with early N0/N1 breast cancer were enrolled.

Ki 67: a Promising Prognostic Marker in Early Breast Cancer-a Review Article.

Ki67 index is considered to be a reliable indicator of the proliferative activity of breast cancer. Additionally, the Ki67 proliferative marker may play a role in assessing response to systemic therapeutic strategies and can act as a prognostic biomarker. But its limited reproducibility which stems from a lack of standardization of procedures, inter-observer variability, and preanalytical and analytical variabilities all have hampered the use of the Ki67 index in clinical practice.

Unchartered waters: Significance of fall in Ki67 index after short-term preoperative endocrine therapy in early breast cancers.

Background: Endocrine treatment for breast cancer acts largely by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. The biomarker Ki67 is linked to the proliferative index of the tumour.

Objective: To identify the factors affecting the fall in Ki67 value in early-stage hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer patients receiving short-term preoperative endocrine therapy in an Indian cohort.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with late recurrence and high-grade transformation.

Breast cancers have broad histological subtypes with varied molecular expression, which determines the management. Although ductal and lobular breast carcinomas constitute the significant 90% of these tumours, other subtypes constitute about 10% of breast cancers. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a salivary gland-type tumour described in breast, constituting less than 1% of all breast carcinomas.

Role of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration/biopsy in the evaluation of intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy due to tuberculosis.

Background: Intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy due to tuberculosis (TB) poses a diagnostic challenge due to difficulty in tissue acquisition. Although endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) has shown promise in the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes, its role in the evaluation of intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy is not clear.

Aim: To assess the role of EUS-FNA/B in the evaluation of intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy due to TB.

Case series of concurrent occurrence of sarcoidosis and breast cancer - A diagnostic dilemma.

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disorder characterized by involvement of multiple systems with or without lymphadenitis. Pulmonary complications are common and may lead to morbidity. Breast cancer is one of the commonest malignancy among women across the world.

EGFR analysis on scrapings from cytology smears in lung carcinoma, an effective alternative to testing on trucut biopsies.

Background: Lung carcinomas are a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Many cases present at an advanced stage of disease where definitive treatment by surgical resection is not feasible. Molecular testing using materials derived from minimally invasive procedures aid in targeted therapy with least iatrogenic burden to the patient.

Histological analyses of trucut liver biopsies from patients with noncirrhotic portal fibrosis and extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction.

Background: Both noncirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) and extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) are important causes of noncirrhotic portal hypertension (PH) in the Asian region. In this study, we analyzed the histopathological changes of liver needle-core biopsies from patients with NCPF and EHPVO.

Patients And Methods: The patients were diagnosed as per the Asia Pacific Association for the Study of Liver (APASL) criteria.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of gallbladder: Subcategorisation on fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Background: Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) of gallbladder is a rare histological subtype of gallbladder carcinoma (CaGB) which presents at an advanced stage and is associated with a poor prognosis compared to the conventional CaGB. This variant has been described mostly as reports or series, except for a single detailed histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Till date, there are no studies describing the cytomorphology of MC in detail.

Application of the Milan System for Risk Stratification and Its Comparison with a Previous Reporting System of Parotid Gland Cytopathology in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Objective: To compare the recently proposed Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) with the four-tiered reporting system (FTRS) followed at our institute.

Methods: Parotid gland fine-needle aspirates reported over a period of 5 years were analysed. These aspirates had been placed into 4 categories according to the FTRS: unsatisfactory (UNS), no evidence of malignancy/negative (NEG), inconclusive for malignancy (INC), and diagnostic for malignancy/positive (POS).

Clinicopathologic correlation of programmed death ligand-1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinomas: A report from India.

Introduction: Increased expression of Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells and immune cells predict response to PD-1/PDL1 inhibitors. Data regarding frequency and pattern of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC from India is not available.

Objectives: To analyse PD-L1 expression on tumour cells (TC) and immune cells (IC) and to correlate PD-L1 expression with baseline clinico-pathological characteristics, oncogenic drivers and outcome data.

Cytological features of warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report with review of previous cytology cases.

Warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma (WLPTC) is a rare morphological variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma which mimics various benign and malignant lesions on thyroid aspiration cytology. As correct cytological diagnosis is the cornerstone for appropriate patient management, awareness of the salient cytomorphological characteristics of this tumor is essential. Here, we present cytological features of a case of WLPTC along with discussion of the common differential diagnoses and a brief review of the literature to ascertain the most consistent cytological findings of WLPTC.

Glypican-3 mRNA expression level in Wilms tumor: correlation with histological type, stage, and outcome.

Purpose: To correlate expression of Glypican-3 in Wilms tumor with histopathology, stage, and outcome.

Methods: Glypican-3 mRNA expression by real-time PCR on tumor and normal germline samples from 75 fresh nephrectomies for Wilms tumor with fold change after normalization against GAPDH was compared. Survival analysis for event-free and overall survival (EFS, OS) with 2-year follow-up for Glypican-3 overexpression (>1.

c-Myb Overexpression in Cytology Smears of Tracheobronchial and Pulmonary Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas.

Aims: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm that occurs rarely in the lower respiratory tract (LRT). AdCC at various sites is associated with the novel fusion transcript MYB-NFIB, along with the overexpression of the Myb protein. The expression of the Myb protein in AdCC of the LRT has not been evaluated much.

Unusual presentation of Erdheim-Chester disease in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an uncommon, non-familial, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which involves skeletal system and soft tissue usually in middle aged and elderly patients. The characteristic radiologic features include bilateral, symmetric cortical osteosclerosis of the diaphyseal and metaphyseal parts of the long bones, or bilateral symmetrically abnormal intense (99m)Technetium labelling of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal region of the long bones, and computed tomography scan findings of "coated aorta" or "hairy kidneys". ECD in childhood with osteolytic lesion is extremely rare.

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with signet ring features: Detailed cytomorphologic analysis.

Background: Signet ring cell feature in lung adenocarcinoma is no longer considered a distinct subtype, but as a cytologic change that may occur in association with multiple histological patterns. Cases with signet ring cells show a strong association with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene fusions and solid pattern.

Methods: The cytomorphological findings of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with signet ring features (PASRF) was studied.

Prognostic significance of cytoplasmic p27 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: p27 is a cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor whose presence in nucleus is associated with good prognosis. Recent studies propose that when localized to cytoplasm, it functions as an oncogene and confers a poorer prognosis. This study aimed at analysing the subcellular localization of p27 and its prognostic significance in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).

Adult granulosa cell tumor of the testis masquerading as hydrocele.

Adult testicular granulosa cell tumor is a rare, potentially malignant sex cord-stromal tumor, of which 30 cases have been described to date. We report the case of a 43-year-old male who complained of a left testicular swelling. Scrotal ultrasound showed a cystic lesion, suggestive of hydrocele.

Composite renal cell carcinoma and angiomyolipoma in a patient with Tuberous sclerosis: A diagnostic dilemma.

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with various renal pathologies, including angiomyolipoma (AML). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with concomitant AML is rare. We report a case of composite RCC and AML in a young male with TS.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of lacrimal gland from an ex pleomorphic adenoma.

A 47-year-old man with a history of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the right lacrimal gland presented with rapid onset of a swelling in the right orbit. Initial imaging with CT showed that the swelling was grossly involving the extraocular muscles. Hence we had a suspicion of malignant transformation, so a radical approach in the form of right orbital exenteration with anterior skull base resection and temporalis muscle reconstruction was taken.