Sputum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as a Biomarker in Asthma-COPD Overlap.

Background: Asthma COPD overlap (ACO) is a consensus-based phenotype having characteristics of both COPD and asthma. Distinguishing ACO from other diseases is even more important as it is related to low health-related quality of life, augmented exacerbation rate and hospital admission, a rapid deterioration in lung function, and increased morbidity and mortality. But it cannot be diagnosed explicitly based on spirometry tests, patient demographics, radiology, or by-sputum cytology.

A rare cause of bilateral pleural effusion - desmoplastic small round cell tumor.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, extremely aggressive and malignant tumor predominantly affects young adolescent males and typically presents as a large intra-abdominal mass. However, tumor arising from other body sites are also reported in the literature. Histology and immunohistochemistry play an important role in the diagnosis and differentiating this rare tumor from other round cell tumors.

A double whammy in an immunocompromised patient.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients, especially those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (CMV) pneumonia most often occurs as a coinfection with another opportunistic pathogen especially in patients with severe immunosuppression. We present a case of PCP-CMV coinfection in a newly diagnosed HIV patient who was treated with the recommended therapy for both diseases and had a favorable outcome.

May-Thurner Syndrome: A Forgotten Cause of Venous Thromboembolism.

Unlabelled: The annual incidence rates of venous thromboembolism are approximately 1 per 1,000 persons per year in adult population. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) most frequently occurs in the setting of underlying illness, and anatomical abnormalities are rarely considered as an etiology for it. A well-described anatomical cause for DVT is "May-Thurner syndrome" (MTS), which occurs as a result of compression of the left common iliac vein by the overlying right common iliac artery.

Bronchiectasis in India: results from the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) and Respiratory Research Network of India Registry.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a common but neglected chronic lung disease. Most epidemiological data are limited to cohorts from Europe and the USA, with few data from low-income and middle-income countries. We therefore aimed to describe the characteristics, severity of disease, microbiology, and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis in India.

Pulmonary nocardiosis: Report of two cases from a tertiary care hospital.

Pulmonary nocardiosis is an uncommon bacterial infection that may lead to severe disease in immunocompromised patients. The disease is rare in immunocompetent patients. Reported cases are few, and the literature is limited because disease recognition is difficult.

Clinico-Pathological Profile and Haematological Abnormalities Associated with Lung Cancer in Bangalore, India.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. An increasing incidence of lung cancer has been observed in India.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinic- pathological profile and haematological abnormalities associated with lung cancer in Bangalore, India.

Insulin resistance in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in nondiabetics and its response to continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

Background: The effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on insulin resistance (IR) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are still under discussion especially in nondiabetics. Trials have found conflicting results in this regard.

Aims: The study was to measure IR in nondiabetic patients with moderate to severe OSA and to evaluate the effect of nasal CPAP on IR in these patients.