Ultrasound diagnosis of syndromic cases with vascular malformations and soft tissue overgrowth: A rare case of CLOVES syndrome.

Introduction: Syndromes associated with vascular malformation and soft tissue overgrowth in the paediatric population present with multiple soft tissue swellings. Ultrasound is the initial investigation of choice for paediatric soft tissue swellings. Ultrasound evaluation can accurately assess the nature of vascular malformations and pattern of lipomatous hypertrophy in areas of soft tissue overgrowth to facilitate early diagnosis of such syndromes.

Demographic and clinicopathological profile of patients of gastrointestinal stromal tumor from a tertiary care center of North India: An observational study.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal system. This study was aimed to analyze the demographic and clinicopathological data of the patient with a primary diagnosis of GIST, who were treated at our center.

Materials And Methodology: Patients of GIST registered at our center from September 1, 2008, to August 31, 2016, were enrolled for this study.

Randomized controlled study comparing simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy versus simultaneous integrated boost intensity modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Objectives: Comparison of two fractionation schedules of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for locally advanced head and neck cancer - simultaneous integrated boost (SIB-IMRT) and simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy (SMART) boost in terms of toxicity and survival end-point measures.

Patients And Methods: Sixty patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer were randomized in two treatment arms (SIB-IMRT [control arm] and SMART boost arm [study arm]). In the control arm, patients received 70, 63 and 56 Gy in 35 fractions to clinical target volumes (CTV) 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

The use of adaptive intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of small-cell carcinoma lung refractory to chemotherapy in a patient with preexisting interstitial lung disease.

This is a case report of a 60-year-old diabetic, hypertensive male with a good performance status and a history of bilateral interstitial lung disease with a left upper lobe lung mass diagnosed to be a Stage IIB mixed small-cell/squamous cell carcinoma which was refractory to carboplatin- and etoposide-based chemotherapy. The patient was then taken up for adaptive intensity-modulated radiotherapy with tighter margin under image guidance with a mid-treatment replanning done at 25#. Acute toxicities were assessed weekly and showed no Grade 3 or more reactions.

Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for primary and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by excessive activation of macrophages and T cells resulting from defective cytotoxicity. It is potentially life threatening due to the large amounts of cytokines released by the activated macrophages and lymphocytes secondary to a hyperinflammatory response. It has a high fatality in children with an incidence of approximately 1.

Platelet functions and coagulation changes in Indian children with nephrotic syndrome.

Introduction: Only little is known on the effect of the platelet function in the paediatric nephrotic syndrome. The earlier studies which had been done on hypercoagulability have mainly featured the secondary forms of the nephrotic syndrome and the data on the minimal change type of disease is limited. We therefore, made an effort to study the platelet functions and the coagulation profile in children with the nephrotic syndrome,to find the relationship between the steroid response and the coagulation profile, and to look for the correlation between thromboembolism and the hypercoagulable states.

Multifunctional Ribbond--a versatile tool.

Pediatric dentists come across a variety of cases in their day to day practice that requires quick intervention in order to enhance or restore children's smile and functions in the oral cavity. Ribbond is one such material, which has occupied an important place in the dentist's repertoire. Ribbond can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment in pediatric dentistry.

Comparative Evaluation of Oral Candida albicans Carriage in Children with and without Dental Caries: A Microbiological in vivo Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the presence of Candida albicans in extensive carious lesions before and after treatment of the carious lesions and to evaluate the carriage of Candida albicans in children with and without caries.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on 60 childrens who were divided into two groups: Experimental group (group 1) and controlled group (group 2). Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to the dentition as: Group A (Deciduous), group B (Mixed) and group C (Permanent).

N-acetyl-L-cysteine modulates multiple signaling pathways to rescue male germ cells from apoptosis induced by chronic hCG administration to rats.

The present study was aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of N-acetyl-L: -cysteine (NAC, 150 mg/kg bw twice/week) against testicular germ cell apoptosis in rats induced by chronic hCG administration (100 IU/rat/day for 30 days). NAC co-treatment improved serum testosterone, prevented rise in lipid peroxidation, intracellular H(2)O(2) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in germ cells. Replenishment of intracellular GSH and total antioxidant capacity was seen.

Intramedullary spinal cord abscess masquerading as spinal tumor.

We report a 5-year-old girl who presented with acute onset paraparesis with differential loss of sensation. Magnetic resonance imaging of spine revealed exophytic intramedullary mass lesion from T12 to L1. Peroperatively, the diagnosis was confirmed as abscess.

Differential modulation of apoptotic gene expression by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in Leydig cells stimulated persistently with hCG in vivo.

The present study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of NAC (150 mg/kg bw twice/week) action in vivo under repeated hCG (100 IU/rat/day) stimulation to adult rats. Leydig cell refractoriness led to a significant decline in serum testosterone and intracellular cAMP by day 30 of chronic hCG intervention which improved significantly following NAC co-administration. It inhibited the rise in lipid peroxidation, improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes along with intracellular glutathione and total antioxidant capacity in the target cells.

N-acetyl-L-cysteine counteracts oxidative stress and prevents H2O2 induced germ cell apoptosis through down-regulation of caspase-9 and JNK/c-Jun.

The mechanism of H(2)O(2) induced oxidative stress leading to male germ cell apoptosis was earlier reported from our laboratory. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, which is highly cell specific with strong antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties), stimulated cell survival under such conditions. Co-incubation with 5 mM NAC significantly (P<0.

N-acetylcysteine counteracts oxidative stress and prevents hCG-induced apoptosis in rat Leydig cells through down regulation of caspase-8 and JNK.

We have earlier reported that following persistent stimulation with hCG, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in rat Leydig cells was mainly achieved through the extrinsic pathway. In the present study, the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in counteracting the oxidative stress and the mechanisms of inhibition of apoptosis under such conditions were investigated. NAC (1 mM) intervention with repeated hCG stimulation (50 ng/ml, four times, each with 30 min challenge) prevented the decline in Leydig cell viability and the rise in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species.

Adverse effects associated with persistent stimulation of Leydig cells with hCG in vitro.

The detrimental effects of persistent stimulation with hCG were investigated in rat Leydig cells in vitro. Significant rise in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with concomitant attenuation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase was observed. Transcripts for catalase and superoxide dismutase were also depleted.

Pathways involved in testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 in vitro.

H(2)O(2) induces apoptosis in variety of cells; however, the sensitivities of testicular germ cells to H(2)O(2) are not known. In the present study, H(2)O(2), at concentrations in the range 1-10 microM, was found to induce apoptosis in testicular germ cells in vitro. Following 1 h of treatment with 10 microM H(2)O(2), a 10-fold rise in the percentage of apoptotic cells was observed.