Microscopic Evaluation of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation with Different Hand and Nickel-Titanium Files; An Study.

Background: Effective endodontic instrumentation aims to remove microorganisms, debris, and tissue from the root canal while maintaining dentinal integrity. This study compares dentinal defect incidence following canal preparation with different hand files, nickel-titanium rotary files, and reciprocating files.

Materials And Methods: Eighty single-rooted mandibular premolars with mature apices were collected.