Publications by authors named "Arbit J"

To investigate changes in characteristics of delinquents over time, randomly selected contemporary delinquents (Zagar, et al., 1980-1988; n=2,031) were compared with 3 historical Chicago and Boston samples (Healy & Bonner, 1909-1915, n=2,000; Healy & Bonner, 1917-1923, n=2,000; Glueck & Glueck, 1917-1922, n=1,000). All underwent physical, psychiatric, psychological, school, and social examinations.

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To identify risks for commission of homicide, 26 convicted Homicidal Youth (M age = 14.9 yr., SD = 1.

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Food allergies affect 11 million Americans, including 6-8% of children. The rate of peanut allergies in children doubled from 1997 to 2002. There is no cure; therefore, strict avoidance of the allergen is the only way to avoid a reaction.

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Effects of medical, family, and scholastic conditions were evaluated for the number and type of offenses and test score performances in 1,962 urban delinquents. Conditions were evaluated using multivariate followed by univariate analysis of variance with post-hoc tests. There were subgroup differences in the number and type of offenses and test score performances.

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30 homicidal delinquents were matched with 30 nonviolent delinquents on age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status. Both groups received physical, psychological, educational, psychiatric and social examinations. Data were evaluated using stepwise discriminant analysis.

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From a sample of 1,956 adolescent delinquents referred to us by the court for physical, psychological, psychiatric, educational, and social examinations, 71 delinquents convicted of homicide were matched with 71 nonviolent delinquents by age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES). These two groups were compared on the basis of these evaluations by stepwise discriminant analysis, matched pairs, two-tailed t-tests, and nonparametric tests. Adolescents who kill have a tetrad of symptoms: (1) criminally violent family members; (2) gang membership; (3) severe educational difficulties; and (4) alcohol abuse.

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Medical histories, psychological tests, psychiatric examinations, and social investigations were reviewed to determine the frequency of independent diagnoses of retardation, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD-H), and attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity (ADD). In a sample of 1,956 (384 females and 1,572 males) adjudicated delinquents with a mean age of 13.9 +/- 1.

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Memory functions commonly decline with age. All dimensions of memory functioning may not change equally with age. Some studies have shown declines in visual-spatial memory tasks, others in remembering stories, and another in learning pairs of associated words.

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Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) has recently emerged as a distinct therapeutic modality in the alleviation of acute and chronic pain. We applied this modality to 15 nonsurgical low-back pain patients having diagnoses of functional pain, with 40% initially having significant pain relief (50% of greater). However, this pain-alleviating effect of TENS did not last longer than two months.

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Memory is one of the central intellectual functions characteristic of human behavior. Increasing age affects memory processes by requiring more time and increased learning trials in such tasks as memory for digits, symbols, and figures, and in the acquisition of new information. Factor analytic studies of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) have been contradictory because of the confounding effects of subject age and sex.

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Compared factor analysis (linear) and hierarchical cluster analysis (nonlinear) of a neuropsychological battery of tests, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Memory Scale, the Graham-Kendall Memory for Designs Test, and the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Designs Test. The results were discussed within the framework of descriptive and predictive analysis of the major cognitive functions of verbal intelligence, perceptual performance, and memory.

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Since there is substantial evidence for a nigrostriatal dopamine defect in Parkinson's disease and since monoamine oxidase (MAO) appears to be essential for the degradation of dopamine, we investigated whether this enzyme is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease or in the therapeutic action of L-dopa. To gain a solid basis for our analysis we studied some properties of platelet MAO, at present the only practical in vivo source for human MAO. Substrate and inhibitor pattern clearly pointed to a predominant B-type character of this enzyme.

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