The continuum of a prolonged labor and a second stage cesarean delivery.

Objective: To investigate the association of the timing of primary cesarean delivery with the progress of labor and the operative delivery rate at the subsequent successful trial of labor.

Methods: A retrospective study of women with a primary cesarean and subsequent term cephalic vaginal delivery in two medical centers. Cesarean deliveries were classified as planned, intrapartum first stage or intrapartum second stage.

Trained Memory of Human Uterine NK Cells Enhances Their Function in Subsequent Pregnancies.

Natural killer cells (NKs) are abundant in the human decidua, regulating trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis. Several diseases of poor placental development are associated with first pregnancies, so we thus looked to characterize differences in decidual NKs (dNKs) in first versus repeated pregnancies. We discovered a population found in repeated pregnancies, which has a unique transcriptome and epigenetic signature, and is characterized by high expression of the receptors NKG2C and LILRB1.