Association of serum digoxin concentration with morbidity and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation, heart failure and reduced ejection fraction of 45 % or below.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are common cardiovascular conditions linked to significant health burdens. This review aims to study the relationship of serum digoxin concentration and mortality and morbidity outcomes in defined population.

Methods: We conducted a thorough search of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, from inception until 20th Aug 2023.