A refined medium to enhance the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS5.

Postbiotic RS5, produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS5, has been identified as a promising alternative feed supplement for various livestock. This study aimed to lower the production cost by enhancing the antimicrobial activity of the postbiotic RS5 by improving the culture density of L. plantarum RS5 and reducing the cost of growth medium.

Evaluation of the Estimation Capability of Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network for the Optimization of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances Production by Gh1.

Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by Gh1 had shown antimicrobial activity against ATCC 15313. Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth is used for the cultivation and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria, but there is a need to improve the current medium composition for enhancement of BLIS production, and one of the approaches is to model the optimization process and identify the most appropriate medium formulation. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed in this study.

A Review on Bioprocess Optimization of Green and Red Stage Culture Conditions for the Production of Natural Astaxanthin.

As the most recognizable natural secondary carotenoid astaxanthin producer, the green microalga cultivation is performed via a two-stage process. The first is dedicated to biomass accumulation under growth-favoring conditions (green stage), and the second stage is for astaxanthin evolution under various stress conditions (red stage). This mini-review discusses the further improvement made on astaxanthin production by providing an overview of recent works on , including the valuable ideas for bioprocess optimization on cell growth, and the current stress-exerting strategies for astaxanthin pigment production.

Current Pretreatment/Cell Disruption and Extraction Methods Used to Improve Intracellular Lipid Recovery from Oleaginous Yeasts.

The production of lipids from oleaginous yeasts involves several stages starting from cultivation and lipid accumulation, biomass harvesting and finally lipids extraction. However, the complex and relatively resistant cell wall of yeasts limits the full recovery of intracellular lipids and usually solvent extraction is not sufficient to effectively extract the lipid bodies. A pretreatment or cell disruption method is hence a prerequisite prior to solvent extraction.

Interrelations of Synthesis Method, Polyethylene Glycol Coating, Physico-Chemical Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been found to have extensive biomedical and biological applications. They can be synthesised using chemical and biological methods, and coated by polymer to enhance their stability. Hence, the changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of AgNPs must be scrutinised due to their importance for biological activity.

Recovery of a Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substance from FTDC 1211 Using Polyethylene-Glycol Impregnated Amberlite XAD-4 Resins System.

is a LAB strain which is capable of producing bacteriocin substances to inhibit The aim of this study was to purify a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) produced by FTDC 1211 using an aqueous impregnated resins system consisting of polyethylene-glycol (PEG) impregnated on Amberlite XAD4. Important parameters influencing on purification of BLIS, such as the molecular weight and concentration of PEG, the concentration and pH of sodium citrate and the concentration of sodium chloride, were optimized using a response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions of 11% (/) of PEG 4000 impregnated Amberlite XAD4 resins and 2% (/) of sodium citrate at pH 6, the maximum purification factor (3.

Integrated Stirred-Tank Bioreactor with Internal Adsorption for the Removal of Ammonium to Enhance the Cultivation Performance of Derivative B:2.

Growth of mutant gdhA B:2 was inhibited by the accumulation of a by-product, namely ammonium in the culture medium during fermentation. The removal of this by-product during the cultivation of mutant gdhA B:2 in a 2 L stirred-tank bioreactor integrated with an internal column using cation-exchange adsorption resin for the improvement of cell viability was studied. Different types of bioreactor system (dispersed and internal) with resins were successfully used for ammonium removal at different agitation speeds.

Influence of Culture Conditions and Medium Compositions on the Production of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances by Gh1.

Antibacterial peptides or bacteriocins produced by many strains of lactic acid bacteria have been used as food preservatives for many years without any known adverse effects. Bacteriocin titres can be modified by altering the physiological and nutritional factors of the producing bacterium to improve the production in terms of yield and productivity. The effects of culture conditions (initial pH, inoculum age and inoculum size) and medium compositions (organic and inorganic nitrogen sources; carbon sources) were assessed for the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) by Gh1 in shake flask cultures.

Enhancement of -Mannanase Production by ATCC11774 through Optimization of Medium Composition.

Palm kernel cake (PKC) has been largely produced in Malaysia as one of the cheap and abundant agro-waste by-products from the palm oil industry and it contains high fiber (mannan) content. The present study aimed to produce -mannanase by ATCC11774 via optimization of the medium composition using palm kernel cake as substrate in semi-solid fermentation. The fermentation nutrients such as PKC, peptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate (MgSO), initial culture pH and temperature were screened using a Plackett-Burman design.

Enhancement of Biomass and Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization of through Plackett-Burman Screening and Box-Behnken Optimization Approach.

The biosynthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO) minerals through a metabolic process known as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) between diverse microorganisms, and organic/inorganic compounds within their immediate microenvironment, gives rise to a cementitious biomaterial that may emerge as a promissory alternative to conventional cement. Among photosynthetic microalgae, has been identified as one of the species capable of undergoing such activity in nature. In this study, response surface technique was employed to ascertain the optimum condition for the enhancement of biomass and CaCO precipitation of when cultured in Blue-Green (BG)-11 aquaculture medium.

In Vitro Evaluation of Potential Probiotic Strain Lactococcus lactis Gh1 and Its Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances for Potential Use in the Food Industry.

Determination of a microbial strain for the joining into sustenance items requires both in vitro and in vivo assessment. A newly isolated bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) producing lactic acid bacterium, Lactococcus lactis Gh1, was isolated from a traditional flavour enhancer and evaluated in vitro for its potential applications in the food industry. Results from this study showed that L.

The Discovery of New Antilisterial Proteins From Kp10 via Genome Mining and Mass Spectrometry.

The inhibitory properties of novel antimicrobial proteins against food-borne pathogens such as offer extensive benefits to the food and medical industries. In this study, we have identified antimicrobial proteins from a milk curd-derived bacterial isolate that exhibits antilisterial activity using genome mining and mass spectrometry analysis. The analysis of the draft genome sequence identified the isolate as Kp10, and predicted the presence of antimicrobial paenibacillin, paenilan, paeninodin, sactipeptides, thiazole-oxazole modified microcin, and histone-like DNA binding protein HU encoded in its genome.

Use of sodium alginate in the preparation of gelatin-based hard capsule shells and their evaluation .

Using only type B gelatin produces hard capsule shells which are too brittle. This study examines the blending of type B bovine gelatin with sodium alginate to produce hard capsule shells and through evaluation of their physicochemical properties provides a reflection on the role of gelatin and sodium alginate in the blend. The compositions and formulation of the capsule shells in this study comprised gelatin (10%, 20% and 30%), sodium alginate (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%), water, and opacifying agents (titanium dioxide; TiO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) whose concentrations were kept constant.

Encapsulation of Strain G4 within Bovine Gelatin-Genipin-Sodium Alginate Combinations: Optimisation Approach Using Face Central Composition Design-Response Surface Methodology (FCCD-RSM).

Bovine gelatin is a biopolymer which has good potential to be used in encapsulating matrices for probiotic candidate strain G4 (G4) because of its amphoteric nature characteristic. Beads were prepared by the extrusion method using genipin and sodium alginate as a cross-linking agent. The optimisation of bovine gelatin-genipin-sodium alginate combinations was carried out using face central composition design (FCCD) to investigate G4 beads' strength, before and after exposed to simulated gastric (SGF), intestinal fluids (SIF), and encapsulation yield.

Microencapsulation of Gh1 with Gum Arabic and via Spray Drying for Potential Inclusion in Functional Yogurt.

There has been an explosion of probiotic incorporated based product. However, many reports indicated that most of the probiotics have failed to survive in high quantity, which has limited their effectiveness in most functional foods. Thus, to overcome this problem, microencapsulation is considered to be a promising process.

Discovery of new depigmenting compounds and their efficacy to treat hyperpigmentation: Evidence from in vitro study.

Human skin pigmentation is a result of constitutive and facultative pigmentation. Facultative pigmentation is frequently stimulated by UV radiation, pharmacologic drugs, and hormones whereby leads to the development of abnormal skin hyperpigmentation. To date, many state-of-art depigmenting compounds have been studied using in vitro model to treat hyperpigmentation problems for cosmetic dermatological applications; little attention has been made to compare the effectiveness of these depigmenting compounds and their mode of actions.

Influence of amino acids and vitamins on the growth of gdhA derivative Pasteurella multocida B:2 for use as an animal vaccine.

Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 is the causative agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia, a fatal disease in cattle and buffaloes. For use as a vaccine in the treatment of HS disease, an efficient cultivation of attenuated gdhA derivative P. multocida B:2 (mutant) for mass production of viable cells is required.

Growth Enhancement of Probiotic by Extractive Fermentation of Lactic Acid Exploiting Anion-Exchange Resin.

Fermentation employing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) often suffers end-product inhibition which reduces the cell growth rate and the production of metabolite. The utility of adsorbent resins for lactic acid removal to enhance the cultivation performance of probiotic, was studied. Weak base anion-exchange resin, Amberlite IRA 67 gave the highest maximum uptake capacity of lactic acid based on Langmuir adsorption isotherm (0.

Stability of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substance (BLIS) Produced by kp10 at Different Extreme Conditions.

Nowadays, bacteriocin industry has substantially grown replacing the role of chemical preservatives in enhancing shelf-life and safety of food. The progress in bacteriocin study has been supported by the emerging of consumer demand on the applications of natural food preservatives. Since food is a complex ecosystem, the characteristics of bacteriocin determine the effectiveness of their incorporation into the food products.

Extractive Bioconversion of Gamma-Cyclodextrin and Recycling of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase in Liquid Biphasic System Using Thermo-Separating Polymer.

An extractive bioconversion conducted on soluble starch with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) enzyme in ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EOPO)/potassium phosphates liquid biphasic system (LBS) to extract gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was examined. A range of EOPO (with potassium phosphates) molecular weights was screen to investigate the effect of the latter on the partioning efficency of CGTase and γ-CD. The results show that the optimal top phase γ-CD yield (74.

Purification of a Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substance Derived from Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10 by an Aqueous Micellar Two-Phase System.

Aqueous micellar two-phase system (AMTPS) is an extractive technique of biomolecule, where it is based on the differential partitioning behavior of biomolecule between a micelle-rich and a micelle-poor phase. In this study, an AMTPS composed of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100) was used for purifying a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) derived from Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10. The influences of the surfactant concentration and the effect of additives on the partitioning behavior and activity yield of the BLIS were investigated.

Evaluation of the effect of soluble polysaccharides of palm kernel cake as a potential prebiotic on the growth of probiotics.

This paper deliberates the extraction, characterization and examination of potential application of soluble polysaccharides of palm kernel cake (PKC) as a prebiotic. The PKC was defatted and crude polysaccharide was obtained through water, citric acid or NaOH extraction. The physiochemical properties of the extracted polysaccharides viz.

Extractive purification of recombinant thermostable lipase from fermentation broth of using an aqueous polyethylene glycol impregnated resin system.

This study aimed at recovery of thermostable lipase from BL21 using porous glass beads grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in aqueous impregnated resins system (AIRS). The influencing parameters such as concentration and pH of extraction solution, concentration of NaCl, size of the beads, and pH of the desorption solution on the partition behaviour of lipase were evaluated. Smaller adsorbent (4 mm) had a 65.

Kinetic modeling of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance secretion by Kp10 and its stability in food manufacturing conditions.

This paper deliberates the modelling and validation of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) secretion by Kp10 at different agitation speeds in a stirred tank bioreactor. A range of models namely the re-parameterised logistic, Luedeking-Piret and maintenance energy were assessed to predict the culture performance of the said bacterium. Growth of Kp10 was enhanced with increased agitation speed up to 600 rpm while BLIS secretion was maximum at 400 rpm but decreased at higher agitation speed.

Kinetics and Optimization of Lipophilic Kojic Acid Derivative Synthesis in Polar Aprotic Solvent Using Lipozyme RMIM and Its Rheological Study.

The synthesis of kojic acid derivative (KAD) from kojic and palmitic acid (C16:0) in the presence of immobilized lipase from (commercially known as Lipozyme RMIM), was studied using a shake flask system. Kojic acid is a polyfunctional heterocycles that acts as a source of nucleophile in this reaction allowing the formation of a lipophilic KAD. In this study, the source of biocatalyst, Lipozyme RMIM, was derived from the lipase of immobilized on weak anion exchange macro-porous Duolite ES 562 by the adsorption technique.