The "6th R" of sustainability: Repurposing operating room waste for community benefit.

Background: Operating rooms contribute greatly to hospital waste and greenhouse gas production. Efforts to "green the operating room" have focused on the 5R's of sustainability: reduce, reuse, recycle, rethink, and research. We propose a "6th R" -repurposing- as simple yet effective means of addressing operating room waste.

Analysis of mTORC1/C2 and Metabolism-Related Proteins in Pediatric Osteosarcoma.

Activation of the mTOR pathway has been observed in osteosarcoma, however the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 has had limited results in osteosarcoma treatment. Certain metabolic pathways can be altered by mTOR activation, which can affect survival. Our aim was to characterize the mTOR profile and certain metabolic alterations in pediatric osteosarcoma to determine the interactions between the mTOR pathway and metabolic pathways.

[Adhesion stabilization in the early postoperative period in a rat model].

Introduction: Adhesion formation is a complex series of events that results from cellular and molecular processes where, in contrast to the normal case, events that support adhesion genesis dominate over adhesion lysis. Tissue injury, haemorrhage, tissue desiccation and inflammatory processes, among others, play a role in its induction. Since the presence of adhesions can be associated with a number of negative complications, the primary aim is to prevent their development.

[DRESS syndrome in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a pediatric case report].

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or DRESS syndrome is among severe cutaneous drug reactions. This constitutes a clinical triad that includes fever, skin rash and systemic compromise, accompanied by eosinophilia and/ or atypical lymphocytes. We present the case of an 18-month-old female patient with cystic fibrosis, who develops this pathology during a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cycle as an eradicating treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bronchial secretions.

[Survival of pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma treated at Semmelweis University].

The survival of children treated with Ewing sarcoma at Semmelweis University were investigated. Pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma treated at Semmelweis University from 2001 through 2013 were analyzed in terms of overall survival and clinical factors (age, primary localization and extent of the tumor, time interval from primary complaints to diagnosis). For statistical analysis Kaplan-Meier estimated survival and log rank test were applied.

Comparison of Predictive Immunohistochemical Marker Expression of Primary Breast Cancer and Paired Distant Metastasis using Surgical Material: A Practice-Based Study.

Parallel studies of primary breast carcinomas and corresponding distant metastases samples reveal considerable differences. Our aim was to highlight this issue from another perspective and provide further data based on 98 patient samples: 69 primary breast carcinoma and 85 distant metastases from bone, central nervous system (CNS) and lung (56 paired). Two independent series of immunohistochemical reactions with different antibodies for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), along with HER2 fluroscence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on tissue microarrays to classify breast carcinoma and distant metastases samples into Luminal A, Luminal B-proliferating, Luminal B-HER2+, HER2+ and triple negative (TNBC) surrogate breast cancer groups.

Expression of proliferation markers Ki67, cyclin A, geminin and aurora-kinase A in primary breast carcinomas and corresponding distant metastases.

Aims: To assess the expression of the following cell cycle regulatory proteins in primary metastatic breast carcinomas (MBCs) and on availability in matched distant metastases (DMs): Ki67, cyclin A, geminin and aurora-kinase A (aurkA); and to compare the expression of these markers in early MBC (EMBC) and late MBC separated into groups according to median time point on metastatic event occurred (28 months).

Methods: The expression of the above mentioned markers was analysed in a total of 47 primary MBCs and 59 DMs (out of which 37 were pairs) by immunohistochemistry. Fourteen breast carcinomas with no relapse over a 10-year follow-up period were utilised as control cases (CBC).

Oligosaccharidic fractions derived from Triticum vulgare extract accelerate tissutal repairing processes in in vitro and in vivo models of skin lesions.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Triticum vulgare has been extensively used in traditional medicine thanks to its properties of accelerating tissue repair. The aqueous extract of Triticum vulgare (TVE) is currently an active component used by Farmaceutici Damor in the manufacture of certain pharmaceutical products already marketed in Italy and abroad under the brand name Fitostimoline(®), in the formulation of cream and medicated gauze and is commonly used for the treatment of decubitus ulcers, sores, burns, scarring delays, dystrophic diseases, and, more broadly, in the presence of problems relating to re-epithelialization or tissue regeneration. The active components of Fitostimoline(®)-based products determine a marked acceleration of tissutal repairing processes, stimulate chemotaxis and the fibroblastic maturation, and significantly increase the fibroblastic index, which are crucial points in the repairing processes.

Multiple splice variants of EWSR1-ETS fusion transcripts co-existing in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors.

Purpose: The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (EFT) is characterized by fusions of the EWSR1 gene on chromosome 22q12 with either one of the genes encoding members of the ETS family of transcription factors, in the majority of cases FLI1 or ERG. Many alternative EWSR1-ETS gene fusions have been encountered, due to variations in the locations of the EWSR1 and ETS genomic breakpoints. The resulting heterogeneity in EWSR1-ETS fusion transcripts may further be increased by the occurrence of multiple splice variants within the same tumor.

Utilisation of fluorescent multiplex PCR and laser-induced capillary electrophoresis for the diagnosis of Ewing family of tumours in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

Aims: The localisation of the translocation breakpoint of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumours shows significant variability on relatively large regions of fusion partner genes. As a consequence, many alternative forms of EWSR1-ETS translocation exist which make the RNA-based molecular diagnostics of Ewing sarcoma family of tumours complicated. In addition to the heterogeneity of fusion transcripts, the degradation of RNA also presents a significant difficulty in the molecular analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.

Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) and trophoblast invasiveness.

Controlled trophoblast invasion is a key process during human placentation and a prerequisite for successful pregnancy. Progesterone is one of the factors to regulate trophoblast invasiveness. Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) is a progesterone-induced molecule expressed by the trophoblast, and also by tumors.

Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity on the basis of body mass index and body fat percentage in Hungarian schoolchildren: representative survey in metropolitan elementary schools.

Backgrounds/aims: The incidence of obesity is increasing dramatically not only among adults, but also in children. The purpose of the survey was to assess the age- and gender-specific anthropometric data of children between the ages of 7 and 14 years who attended elementary schools in Budapest.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2005.

Adamantinoma of long bones: a long-term follow-up study of 11 cases.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and prognostic significances of 11 histologically proven adamantinoma cases based on an average 12,7 year long follow-up. The male: female ratio was 8:3, aged between 4 and 80 years (mean 29,3 years). The initial diagnosis at referral was other than adamantinoma in six patients (fibrous dysplasia, carcinoma metastasis, osteofibrous dysplasia, bone cyst, non-ossifying fibroma), referring to the differential diagnostic problems.

[Effects of oligofructose containing diet in obese persons].

Unlabelled: In the treatment of obesity the introduction of a low-calorie diet is a fundamental requirement. The enhancement of the fiber content of food causing satiety may contribute to the observation of dietary prescriptions. Oligofructoses belong to the group of dietary fibers.

[Is there a unique measuring method to assess obesity?].

Unlabelled: In the literature there is not available a uniformly accepted method for assessing the degree of obesity.

Aim: To determine how far insulin resistance, serum levels of leptin and resistin are altered in persons categorized on the basis of body-mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and abdominal circumference.

Methods: 101 volunteer boys and 115 girls participated in the studies.

Lifestyle of Hungarian adolescents--observations among metropolitan secondary school students.

Background/aims: Obesity among adolescents is a significant and global disease which requires early prevention. The development of overweight and obesity depends not only on genetic components but also on lifestyle. The objective of the survey was to study the lifestyle of 15- to 19-year-old secondary school students in Budapest.

[Methods for the assessment of adolescent obesity in epidemiological studies].

Introduction: The incidence of obesity is increasing dramatically not only among adults, but also in the child population.

Objective: Comparison of different anthropological methods.

Methods: The authors evaluated the data of 654 boys and 584 girls (age 15-19 years).

Dietary habits of school children: representative survey in metropolitan elementary schools. Part two.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the eating habits and the nutrient intake of 11- to 14-year-old school children as part of a representative nutrition and health survey in primary schools in Budapest.

Methods: A food frequency questionnaire of 875 school children, aged from 11 to 14 (449 boys and 426 girls), was recorded and evaluated. Energy and nutrient intake of 235 children (124 boys and 111 girls) was calculated in parallel by 3-day dietary record.

Lifestyle of school children: representative survey in metropolitan elementary schools. Part one.

Background/aims: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children is increasing dramatically. Obesity is multifactorial and depends on lifestyle as well as genetic components. The purpose of the survey was to investigate the lifestyle of 7- to 14-year-old children attending elementary schools in Budapest.

[Nutritional and antioxidant status of colorectal cancer patients].

Introduction: Oxidative stress is one of the risk factors of colorectal carcinogenesis. In inflammatory reactions the activated leucocytes product mutagenic and mitogenic free radicals, hereby promoting tumor formation. Obesity, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia increases the energy supply of epithelial cells, thus leads to deregulation of mitochondrial electron transport chain.

25 years' experience in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in Hungary.

Objective: To review our clinical experience in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) over the past 25 years in our national trophoblastic disease center.

Study Design: Between January 1, 1977, and December 31, 2001, we treated 355 patients with GTN. The patients were between 14 and 53 years of age, with an average of 28.

Morphological changes in the lower esophageal sphincter influencing the result of antireflux surgical interventions in chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background/aims: It is still unclear whether long-term reflux episodes result in morphological changes in the lower esophageal sphincter or not. If the answer is supposedly yes, do these changes influence the postoperative functional results following antireflux surgery?

Methodology: Between 1 January 2002 and 2004, we performed antireflux surgery on 85 patients. Muscle samples were taken from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in 57 patients on operation.

Synchronous multiple glomus tumors of the esophagus and lung.

A case of synchronous esophageal and multiple pulmonary tumors presenting complex diagnostic problems is described. In the course of routine pulmonary screening a pulmonary coin lesion of the right lung and three very small foci on the left side, under the pleura falling just within the range of diagnostic parameters was identified in a symptom-free patient. In addition to the multiple lung lesions a single sub-mucosal esophageal tumor was detected.

[Isolated gastroduodenal Crohn's disease: a case report].

Although it can involve any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, Crohn's disease confined to the gastroduodenum is extremely rare. We report the story of a 20-years old male patient admitted for pyloric obstruction that developed despite medical treatment. Clinical manifestations necessitated operative treatment; Polya-gastrectomy was performed.