Long Sleep Duration, Cognitive Performance, and the Moderating Role of Depression: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Framingham Heart Study.

Introduction: We investigated whether depression modified the associations between sleep duration and cognitive performance.

Methods: Multivariable linear regression models examined the associations between sleep duration and cognition in 1,853 dementia- and stroke-free participants from the Framingham Heart Study. Participants were categorized in four groups: no depressive symptoms, no antidepressants; depressive symptoms without antidepressants use; antidepressant use without depressive symptoms; both depressive symptoms and antidepressant use.

Senolytic therapy in mild Alzheimer's disease: a phase 1 feasibility trial.

Cellular senescence contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. An open-label, proof-of-concept, phase I clinical trial of orally delivered senolytic therapy, dasatinib (D) and quercetin (Q), was conducted in early-stage symptomatic patients with AD to assess central nervous system (CNS) penetrance, safety, feasibility and efficacy. Five participants (mean age = 76 + 5 years; 40% female) completed the 12-week pilot study.

Senolytic therapy to modulate the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (SToMP-AD) - Outcomes from the first clinical trial of senolytic therapy for Alzheimer's disease.

Cellular senescence has been identified as a pathological mechanism linked to tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clearance of senescent cells using the senolytic compounds dasatinib (D) and quercetin (Q) reduced neuropathological burden and improved clinically relevant outcomes in the mice. Herein, we conducted a vanguard open-label clinical trial of senolytic therapy for AD with the primary aim of evaluating central nervous system (CNS) penetrance, as well as exploratory data collection relevant to safety, feasibility, and efficacy.

PET imaging of mGluR5 in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptors (mGluR5) modulate synaptic transmission and may constitute an important therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by mediating the synaptotoxic action of amyloid-β oligomers. We utilized the positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [F]FPEB to investigate mGluR5 binding in early AD.

Methods: Sixteen individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD or mild AD dementia who were positive for brain amyloid were compared to 15 cognitively normal (CN) participants who were negative for brain amyloid.

Interpretation of Biomarker Data in Diagnosis of Primary Dementias.

In the last few years, an improved understanding of dementia biomarkers has significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy for dementias. The National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Definitions Working Group defines a biomarker as "a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention." In the field of dementia, a biomarker is a biological measure pointing to a specific dementing pathology.

A Multifactor Approach to Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate stage between normal cognition and dementia. Individuals with MCI are at increased risk of conversion to dementia, and the rate of progression of MCI to dementia is dependent on age, gender, and education. MCI may be diagnosed using neuropsychological criteria using cut-offs representing decrements in cognition, or using criteria to assess for a decline in functional status.

A Comprehensive Update on Treatment of Dementia.

Treatment of dementias represents an important but relatively neglected part of neurological care of the elderly population. Individual therapeutic interventions may make only small changes to the quality of life of individuals afflicted with dementia, but when used in combination these interventions synergize and can make a significant difference. Additionally, given the societal scale of the problem of dementia care, the overall impact, in economic and sociological terms, of such therapies is of consequence.

An Overview of Primary Dementias as Clinicopathological Entities.

Dementia is a state of cognitive dysfunction which leads to functional decline. It is a syndrome caused by several medical and neurological causes, but most cases of dementia are due to "primary dementias." Primary dementias are neurological diseases whose manifestations are predominantly cognitive.

Dementia in Essential Tremor: A Visual Record.

Background: Research studies have shown an association between essential tremor (ET) and dementia, although dementia in ET is not often regarded as a clinically important issue.

Phenomenology Shown: We present three tangible visual records of patients with ET who have developed concurrent, comorbid dementia.

Educational Value: ET is a risk factor for dementia.

A Neurology Clerkship Curriculum Using Video-Based Lectures and Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT).

Introduction: Just-in-time teaching is an educational strategy that involves tailoring in-session learning activities based on student performance in presession assessments. We implemented this strategy in a third-year neurology clerkship.

Methods: Linked to core neurology clerkship lectures, eight brief video-based lectures and knowledge assessments were developed.

The head that wears the crown: Henry VIII and traumatic brain injury.

Henry VIII of England is one of the most controversial figures in European history. He was born on 28 June 1491 as the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York and became the heir to the English throne after his elder brother died prematurely. A contradictory picture of Henry's character emerges from history: the young Henry was a vigorous, generous and intelligent king who saw early military and naval successes.

A Phase I-II, Open-Label, Multicenter Trial to Determine the Dosimetry and Safety of 99mTc-Sestamibi in Pediatric Subjects.

Unlabelled: Myocardial perfusion imaging has long been used off label by practitioners attending for children with cardiac aliments. To provide clinicians with evidence-based dosage recommendation, a phase I-II, open-label, nonrandomized, multicenter trial was therefore designed using (99m)Tc-sestamibi in pediatric subjects (registered under www.clinicaltrials.

Intracranial hypotension masquerading as nonconvulsive status epilepticus: report of 3 cases.

Intracranial hypotension (IH) has been a known entity in neurocritical care since 1938. Even though many cases are spontaneous, the incidence of intracranial hypotension in the neurocritical care setting is increasing by virtue of the increased number of neurosurgical interventions. Whether spontaneous or secondary in etiology, diagnosis of IH usually requires the presence of orthostatic symptoms, including headaches and nausea with low opening CSF pressure.

Ipsilateral synkinesia involves the supplementary motor area.

The supplementary motor area coordinates movements. Synkinesia is a rare disorder in which an involuntary movement occurs coordinated with a voluntary movement. Here, we test the hypothesis that the supplementary motor area is involved in involuntary coordination of movement.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and CT perfusion changes.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) can present with focal neurologic deficits, mimicking a stroke and can often represent a diagnostic challenge when presenting atypically. A high degree of suspicion is required in the clinical setting in order to yield the diagnosis. Cerebral CT perfusion (CTP) is utilized in many institutions as the first line in acute stroke imaging.

Botulinum toxin A for treatment of allodynia of complex regional pain syndrome: a pilot study.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in allodynia of patients with complex regional pain syndrome.

Design: A total of 14 patients were studied. Eight patients were participants of a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol.

Diagnosis of second head and neck tumors in primary laryngeal SCC is an indicator of overall survival and not associated with poorer overall survival: a single centre study in 987 patients.

Objectives: Second primary tumors (SPTs) have been implicated in poor overall survival (OS) of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Confusion remains regarding their actual incidence and prognostic impact. This study assessed the incidence of SPTs; the SPT diagnostic time lag; the impact on OS; and the mean annual risk.

Protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma index tumors correlates with diagnosis of second primary tumors of the upper aero-digestive tract.

Background: Field cancerization is a feature of HNSCCs. No biological marker in the index tumor has correlated with second primary tumor (SPTs) development. Changes in MDM-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression are known to be early neoplastic changes in HNSCC.

Radiotherapy is not associated with an increased rate of Second Primary Tumours in Oral Squamous Carcinoma: a study of 370 patients.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) remains a public health scourge. Radiotherapy (RT) is a major treatment modality and has been implicated in possible formation of Second Primary Tumours (SPT). In a single centre retrospective study of 370 patients with OSCCs (1967-2004) associations between RT, diagnosis of SPTs, median SPT diagnostic time lag, Disease Free Survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed.