Declining trend of HTLV-1 among organ/ tissue donors in Iranian Tissue Bank between 2014-2021.

Background: Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with serious disorders, including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In addition to sexual, vertical, parenteral, and blood transfusion, organ/tissue transplantation is considered as a transmission route of HTLV infection. Given the substantial risk of HTLV-1 transmission and the subsequent development of HAM/TSP (approximately 40%) in kidney transplant recipients, pre-transplant donor screening is crucial.

Association of viral infection with bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common cancer with the highest mortality rate. Since the etiological role of viral infection in the development of BC is less known, the aim of the present study was to examine the pooled prevalence and possible relationship between viral infection and BC.

Methods: A systematic search of major online databases was conducted to investigate relevant studies.

Genetic characterization of influenza B virus and oseltamivir resistance in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections: a cross-sectional study.

Influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) drug usage can result in NAI resistance, especially in children and individuals with weakened immune systems. The aim of the present study was to identify NAI-resistant variants of IBV and to introduce probable novel mutations, phylogenetic study, and its epitope mapping based on NA gene in patients from Shiraz, Iran. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2017 and 2018 on symptomatic children.

Zika virus tropism and pathogenesis: understanding clinical impacts and transmission dynamics.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is classified within the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family and is categorized as an arbovirus. The virus was initially identified in a rhesus monkey in Uganda in 1947 and later in a human in Nigeria in 1952. Since 2007, the prevalence of the virus has been on the rise, culminating in a major outbreak in the United States (US) in 2015.

Analysis of the Main Checkpoints of the JNK-MAPK Pathway in HTLV-1-Associated Leukemia/Lymphoma via Boolean Network Simulation.

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is a signal transduction pathway that plays a critical role in cell growth and survival. Its dysregulation is related to various cancers, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. There is currently no vaccine or definitive treatment for ATLL.

High prevalence of HPV-56 and HPV-39 in Sari, Iran: an analysis of genotype distribution.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the most common sexually transmitted infection, particularly among sexually active individuals. Understanding the geographical distribution and epidemiology of the most prevalent HPV genotypes is essential for developing effective prevention strategies. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the distribution of HPV genotypes among HPV-positive women and men in Sari, the capital city of Mazandaran province in northern Iran.

From discovery to treatment: tracing the path of hepatitis E virus.

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. HEV is classified into eight genotypes, labeled HEV-1 through HEV-8. Genotypes 1 and 2 exclusively infect humans, while genotypes 3, 4, and 7 can infect both humans and animals.

Unveiling the intersection: ferroptosis in influenza virus infection.

The influenza virus (IFV) imposes a considerable health and economic burden globally, requiring a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation cell death pathway, holds unique implications for the antioxidant defense system, with possible contributions to inflammation. This exploration focuses on the dynamic interplay between ferroptosis and the host defense against viruses, emphasizing the influence of IFV infections on the activation of the ferroptosis pathway.

Effects of HTLV-1 on leukocyte trafficking and migration in ACs compared to healthy individuals.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a RNA virus belonging to Retroviridae family and is associated with the development of various diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Aside from HAM/TSP, HTLV-1 has been implicated in the development of several disorders that mimic auto-inflammation. T-cell migration is important topic in the context of HTLV-1 associated diseases progression.

Uncommon high distribution of HPV-16, HPV-54, and HPV-56 in female referred to a laboratory in Karaj, Iran: indications of a paradigm shift in HPV genotypes?

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is among the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections, particularly prevalent among sexually active individuals. While many HPV infections clear up over time, some may progress to various cancers such as anal cancer, cervical cancer and, vaginal cancer. This study examines the prevalence of different HPV genotypes, classified as high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR), among females of various age groups who visited the laboratory in Karaj.

HTLV-1 vaccination Landscape: Current developments and challenges.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that is distinguished for its correlation to myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). As well, HTLV-1 has been documented to have links with other inflammatory diseases, such as uveitis and dermatitis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global distribution of HTLV-1 infection is estimated to extend between 5 and 10 million individuals.

Can Marburg virus be sexually transmitted?

Background And Aim: Marburg virus (MARV) is a highly virulent virus of animal origin and the cause of a lethal infection (known as Marburg virus disease [MVD]) with a case-fatality ratio ranging from 24% to 90%. While the potential nonzoonotic routes of virus spread are plausible, the risk is not yet fully determined. Here, we described the ways by which MARV spreads within the human population focusing mainly on the potential of sexual transmission.

Role of Interleukin-17 cytokine family in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and associated diseases.

Background: Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) is a neglected virus with worldwide distribution of over 10 million people and is the cause of two main associated diseases Adult T cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The IL-17 cytokine family plays a crucial role in the host immunity against HTLV-1 and the development of associated disease. A systematic review was conducted to analyze all research reporting on the levels or expression of the IL-17 HTLV-1 infection and associated diseases.

Epidemiological and phylogenetic assessment of human respiratory syncytial virus among pediatric patients presenting acute respiratory infections in Shiraz, Iran during 2015-2016.

Background And Objectives: The pediatric population worldwide bears a significant morbidity and death burden due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Human Orthopneumovirus, sometimes referred to as the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV), is one of the main causes of ARIs in infants. The main goal of this study was to identify the genetic diversity of HRSV strains that were circulating in the Iranian population at a certain time of year.

Emerging paradigms: unmasking the role of oxidative stress in HPV-induced carcinogenesis.

The contribution of the human papillomavirus (HPV) to cancer is significant but not exclusive, as carcinogenesis involves complex mechanisms, notably oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and HPV can independently cause genome instability and DNA damage, contributing to tumorigenesis. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, especially double-strand breaks, aids in the integration of HPV into the host genome and promotes the overexpression of two viral proteins, E6 and E7.

HA antigenic variation and phylogenetic analysis of influenza B virus in Shiraz, Iran.

Background: Influenza infection is highly contagious respiratory illness triggered by the influenza virus, bearing substantial implications for global health. Influenza B viruses, specifically the Victoria and Yamagata lineages, have contributed to the disease burden, and the mismatch between circulating strains and vaccine strains has led to increased mortality and economic costs. Understanding the global epidemiology, seasonal variations, and genetic characteristics of influenza B is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) grip on T-cells: investigating the viral tapestry of activation.

Introduction: Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) belongs to retroviridae which is connected to two major diseases, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). This study aims to investigate the mRNA expressions of key proteins correlated to T-cell activation in asymptomatic carriers (ACs) HTLV-1 infected patients, shedding light on early molecular events and T-cell activation following HTLV-1 infection.

Material And Methods: The study involved 40 participants, including 20 ACs and 20 healthy subjects.

Prevailing of HPV-16 and 52 genotype in 2022-2023 in Sanandaj, Iran.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) presents a potential threat to the onset of carcinogenesis in the cervix, anogenital regions, and oropharynx. HPV encompasses over 200 types, with at least 12 having the potential to cause cancer, impacting the majority of sexually active individuals. In this current research, we explore the occurrence and spread of HPV genotypes.

Immunological mechanisms of the nucleocapsid protein in COVID-19.

The emergence of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting from Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has left an indelible mark on a global scale, causing countless infections and fatalities. This investigation delves into the role of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein within the HEK293 cells, shedding light on its influence over apoptosis, interferon signaling, and cytokines production. The N gene was amplified, inserted into the pAdTrack-CMV vector, and then transfected to the HEK293 cells.

Unraveling the dynamic mechanisms of natural killer cells in viral infections: insights and implications.

Viruses pose a constant threat to human well-being, necessitating the immune system to develop robust defenses. Natural killer (NK) cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system, have become recognized as vital participants in protecting the body against viral infections. These remarkable innate immune cells possess the unique ability to directly recognize and eliminate infected cells, thereby contributing to the early control and containment of viral pathogens.

Nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensor for detection of influenza B by gold nanoparticles.

The influenza virus is a pervasive pathogen that exhibits increased prevalence during colder seasons, resulting in a significant annual occurrence of infections. Notably, pharmaceutical interventions effective against influenza A strains often exhibit limited efficacy against influenza B variants. Against this backdrop, the need for innovative approaches to accurately and swiftly differentiate and detect influenza B becomes evident.