Prescription psychostimulants for the treatment of amphetamine-type stimulant use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Background And Aims: There is currently no standard of care for pharmacological treatment of amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use disorder (ATSUD). This systematic review with meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42022354492) aimed to pool results from randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate efficacy and safety of prescription psychostimulants (PPs) for ATSUD.

Methods: Major indexing sources and trial registries were searched to include records published before 29 August 2022.

Evaluating preferences for online psychological interventions to decrease cannabis use in young adults with psychosis: An observational study.

Innovative technology-based solutions have the potential to improve access to clinically proven interventions for cannabis use disorder (CUD) in individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP). High patient engagement with app-based interventions is critical for achieving optimal outcomes. 104 individuals 18 to 35 years old with FEP and CUD from three Canadian provinces completed an electronic survey to evaluate preferences for online psychological intervention intensity, participation autonomy, feedback related to cannabis use, and technology platforms and app functionalities.

Depression and Outcomes of Methadone and Buprenorphine Treatment Among People with Opioid Use Disorders: A Literature Review.

Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people with opioid use disorders (OUDs). However, whether and how comorbid depression is associated with the outcomes of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) remains poorly understood. The objective of this review was to identify and describe the association between depression and main outcomes (opioid use and treatment retention) of methadone and buprenorphine treatment among people with OUDs.

Mental Illnesses-Associated Fxr1 and Its Negative Regulator Gsk3β Are Modulators of Anxiety and Glutamatergic Neurotransmission.

Genetic variants of the fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 1 ( have been associated to mood regulation, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders. Nonetheless, genetic association does not indicate a functional link of a given gene to neuronal activity and associated behaviors. In addition, interaction between multiple genes is often needed to sculpt complex traits such as behavior.

A COX/5-LOX Inhibitor Licofelone Revealed Anticonvulsant Properties Through iNOS Diminution in Mice.

Licofelone is a COX/5-LOX inhibitor, which recently was approved as an effective treatment for osteoarthritis. Beside its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, some reports show neuro-protective properties for this agent in central nervous system. Several lines of evidence declare the involvement of COX or LOX isoenzymes in epileptic disorders.

Protective effects of lithium chloride on seizure susceptibility: Involvement of α2-adrenoceptor.

For more than 60years, lithium has been the mainstay in the treatment of mental disorders as a mood stabilizer. In addition to the antimanic and antidepressant responses, lithium also shows some anticonvulsant properties. In spite of the ascertained neuroprotective effects of this alkali metal, the underlying mechanisms through which lithium regulates behavior are still poorly understood.

Effect of biliary cirrhosis on neurogenic relaxation of rat gastric fundus and anococcygeus muscle: role of nitric oxide pathway.

Background: Cirrhosis, associated with a host of hemodynamic abnormalities, could affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility. On the other hand, the nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission has been shown to play a pivotal role in GI tract motility and has been linked with release of nitric oxide (NO) on electrical stimulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of biliary cirrhosis on the neurogenic relaxation of rat gastric fundus and anococcygeus muscle and also the possible role of nitric oxide system in this manner.

Nitric oxide mediates the anticonvulsant effects of thalidomide on pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizures in mice.

Thalidomide is an old glutamic acid derivative which was initially used as a sedative medication but withdrawn from the market due to the high incidence of teratogenicity. Recently, it has reemerged because of its potential for counteracting number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Other than the antiemetic and hypnotic aspects, thalidomide exerts some anticonvulsant properties in experimental settings.

Role of nitric oxide in additive anticonvulsant effects of agmatine and morphine.

The anticonvulsant effects of agmatine, an endogenous polyamine and a metabolite of l-arginine, have been shown in various experimental seizure models. Agmatine also potentiates the anti-seizure activity of morphine. The present study aimed to investigate a possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the protection by agmatine and morphine co-administration against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) -induced seizure in male mice.

Quercetin prevents experimental glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a comparative study with alendronate.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, with alendronate in the prevention of GIO. Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed among 7 groups (8 rats per group) and treated for 6 weeks with one of the following: (i) normal saline; (ii) 40 mg methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP)/kg body mass; (iii) MP + 40 μg alendronate/kg; (iv) MP + 50 mg quercetin/kg; (v) MP + 40 μg alendronate/kg + 50 mg quercetin/kg; (vi) MP + 150 mg quercetin/kg; and (vii) MP + 40 μg alendronate/kg + 150 mg quercetin/kg.

Quercetin improves bone strength in experimental biliary cirrhosis.

Aim:   Metabolic bone disorders and reduced bone mass are common complications in patients with biliary cirrhosis. As a result of there being no clear etiology, no specific therapy has been established yet. Previous studies have reported that quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, might improve bone quality.

5-HT(3) receptor mediates the dose-dependent effects of citalopram on pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizure in mice: involvement of nitric oxide.

Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), widely used in the treatment of depressive disorders. It has been shown that citalopram affects seizure susceptibility. Although the exact mechanism of these effects are not yet fully understood, recent data suggest that 5HT(3) receptors and nitric oxide (NO) might participate in the central effects of SSRIs.

Sildenafil attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats: possible involvement of cGMP and KATP channels.

The involvement of cGMP/KATP pathway in effects of sildenafil on experimental colitis was investigated. Sildenafil significantly attenuated colonic injury markers. These effects were reversed by the addition of glibenclamide or ODQ, indicating the involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) and cGMP, respectively.

Additive anticonvulsant effects of agmatine and lithium chloride on pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizure in mice: involvement of α₂-adrenoceptor.

After 60 years, lithium is still the mainstay in the treatment of mood disorders and widely used in clinic. In addition to its mood stabilizer effects, lithium also shows some anticonvulsant properties. Similar to lithium, agmatine also plays a protective role in the CNS against seizures and has been reported to enhance the effect of different antiepileptic agents.

A role for opioid system in the proconvulsant effects of sildenafil on the pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizure in mice.

There are several lines of evidence that opioidergic and nitrergic systems could modulate the seizure threshold. We previously have shown that sildenafil had proconvulsant effects in a model of clonic seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or bicuculline. In the present study, we examined whether the opioid system participates in the action of sildenafil on the PTZ-induced clonic seizures in mice.

Administration of lithium and magnesium chloride inhibited tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of morphine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice.

Although morphine has an anticonvulsant effect in several animal models of seizures, its potential clinical application in epilepsy may be hindered by its adverse effects like opioid tolerance. The present study evaluated the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of morphine in a model of clonic seizures induced with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male Swiss mice. We also examined whether administration of either lithium chloride (LiCl) or magnesium chloride (MgCl(2)) was able to prevent the probable tolerance.

Adenosine A2A receptors and uric acid mediate protective effects of inosine against TNBS-induced colitis in rats.

Inflammatory bowel disease comprises chronic recurrent inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. This study was conducted to investigate inosine, a potent immunomodulator, in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic model of experimental colitis, and contribution of adenosine A(2A) receptors and the metabolite uric acid as possible underlying mechanisms. Experimental colitis was rendered in rats by a single colonic administration of 10 mg of TNBS.

Inhibition of NMDA receptor/NO signaling blocked tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of morphine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice.

Although morphine has anticonvulsant effect in several animal models of seizure, its potential clinical application in epilepsy may be hindered by its adverse effects like the phenomenon of opioid tolerance. The present study evaluated the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of morphine in a model of clonic seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male Swiss mice. We also examined whether N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor/nitrergic system blockage was able to prevent the probable tolerance.

Voltage-dependent calcium channel and NMDA receptor antagonists augment anticonvulsant effects of lithium chloride on pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizures in mice.

Although lithium is still a mainstay in the treatment of bipolar disorder, its underlying mechanisms of action have not been completely elucidated. Several studies have shown that lithium can also modulate seizure susceptibility in a variety of models. In the present study, using a model of clonic seizures induced with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male Swiss mice, we investigated whether there is any interaction between lithium and either calcium channel blockers (CCBs: nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (ketamine and MK-801) in modulating seizure threshold.

Agmatine enhances the anticonvulsant effect of lithium chloride on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: Involvement of L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway.

After nearly 60years, lithium is still the mainstay in the treatment of mood disorders. In addition to its antimanic and antidepressant effects, lithium also has anticonvulsant properties. Similar to lithium, agmatine plays a protective role in the central nervous system against seizures and has been reported to enhance the effect of different antiepileptic agents.

Involvement of nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in the anticonvulsant effects of lithium chloride on PTZ-induced seizure in mice.

Lithium is still the mainstay in the treatment of affective disorders as a mood stabilizer. Lithium also shows some anticonvulsant properties. While the underlying mechanisms of action of lithium are not yet exactly understood, we used a model of clonic seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male NMRI mice to investigate whether the anticonvulsant effect of lithium is mediated via NO-cGMP pathway.

Granisetron ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronically relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, of which the definite etiology remains ambiguous. Considering the adverse effects and incomplete efficacy of currently administered drugs, it is indispensable to explore new candidates with more desirable therapeutic profiles. 5-HT( 3) receptor antagonists have shown analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo.

Involvement of nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effect of the cannabinoid CB(1) agonist ACEA in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.

Cannabinoid system plays a pivotal role in the seizure threshold modulation which is mainly mediated through activation of the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor. There is also several evidence of interaction between cannabinoid system and other neurotransmitters including nitric oxide (NO) system. Using model of clonic seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male NMRI mice, we investigated whether NO is involved in the effects of cannabinoids on the seizure threshold.