The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Magnesium on Eggshell Quality and Laying Hen's Performance.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary magnesium (Mg) on eggshell quality and laying hen's performance. Four dietary treatments including a commercial-type basal diet containing 3.19 g/kg Mg and three additional diets supplemented with 2, 4, or 6 g/kg magnesium oxide (MgO) to provide 4.

Effect of Different Tannin Sources on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Performance, Nitrogen Utilization, and Blood Parameters in Dairy Cows.

This study investigated the effect of tannin sources on nutrient intake, digestibility, performance, nitrogen utilization, and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows. Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design, with each period lasting 28 days. Cows were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: Control diet (CON, a totally mixed ration without tannin supplements), control diet supplemented with 3% bayberry condensed tannins (BCT), control diet supplemented with 3% condensed tannins (ACT), and control diet supplemented with 3% valonia hydrolyzed tannins (VHT).

Interaction effect of ruminal undegradable protein level and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inclusion in the diet of growing goat kids on meat CLA content and quality traits.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) level and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (rpCLA) on meat fatty acid (FA) profile, chemical compositions and colour parameters of growing kids. Thirty-two Kurdish goat kids (13·06 ± 1·08 kg body weight) were fed diets differing in RUP level (low = 250 v. high = 350 g/kg of dietary crude protein) supplemented either with 15 g/kg of rpCLA or 12 g/kg of hydrogenated soyabean oil (HSO) for 80 d.

N-carbamylglutamate restores nitric oxide synthesis and attenuates high altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Holstein heifers ascended to high altitude.

Background: High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) is a life-threating condition for animals in high altitude, and disturbance of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis contributes to its pathogenesis. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), which enhances arginine synthesis, promotes endogenous synthesis of NO. In this study, we determined the effects of NCG on alleviating HAPH in Holstein heifers that ascended to Tibet (Lhasa, 3,658 m).

WITHDRAWN:Hematological and vasodilator characteristics for high altitude acclimatization in Holstein heifers ascended to high altitude.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate hematological and vasodilator characteristics for high altitude acclimatization in Holstein heifers ascended to high altitude.

Methods: Holstein heifers resided at low altitude (LH; Beijing, China 43 meter), and Holstein heifers ascended to high altitude (Lhasa city, Tibet; 3,658 meter) after one year exposure including hypoxia acclimated Holstein heifers (AH; with mean pulmonary arterial pressure mPAP < 41 mmHg) and Holstein heifers affected by high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH; with mPAP > 49 mmHg) and crossbred cattle (CB; Holstein × Tibet cattle) born and resided in Tibet were selected to compare parameters of blood gas, blood cells and vasodilators. Each group included 15 animals with 16 to 18 month of age.

Performance and ruminal parameters of fattening Moghani lambs fed recycled poultry bedding.

This study investigated the effects of recycled poultry bedding (RPB) on performance and protozoa population, microbial enzyme activity and microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in rumen contents of fattening lambs. Thirty-six male Moghani lambs (31.4 ± 3.

Energy utilisation of broiler chickens in response to guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in diets with various energy contents.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on productive performance, intestinal morphometric features, blood parameters and energy utilisation in broiler chickens. A total of 390 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to six dietary treatments based on a factorial arrangement (2×3) across 1-15 and 15-35-d periods. Experimental treatments consisted of two basal diets with standard (STD; starter: 12·56 MJ/kg and grower: 12·97 MJ/kg) and reduction (LME; starter: 11·93 MJ/kg and grower: 12·33 MJ/kg) of apparent metabolisable energy (AME) requirement of broiler chickens each supplemented with 0, 0·6 and 1·2 g/kg GAA.

Partial Replacement of Dietary Methionine with Betaine and Choline in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens.

We conducted two trials to evaluate the methionine-sparing effects of choline (Chol) and betaine (Bet), and their effects on growth performance and blood antioxidative potential in heat-stressed broiler chickens fed methionine (Met)-deficient diets. We used 360 1-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) in a completely randomized study with 5 replicate pens of 12 birds each. After Day 21, we raised the temperature to 35±3°C using an automated air-forced heater for 12 hours/day from 8 am to 8 pm to expose the birds to heat stress.

Comparison of rumen bacteria distribution in original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions in lactating Holstein cows.

Background: Original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions have been frequently used to assess the rumen bacterial community. However, bacterial profiles in rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions vary from each other and need to be better established.

Methods: To compare bacterial profiles in each fraction, samples of rumen digesta from six cows fed either a high fiber diet (HFD) or a high energy diet (HED) were collected via rumen fistulas.

Protein structures among bio-ethanol co-products and its relationships with ruminal and intestinal availability of protein in dairy cattle.

The objectives of this study were to reveal molecular structures of protein among different types of the dried distillers grains with solubles (100% wheat DDGS (WDDGS); DDGS blend1 (BDDGS1, corn to wheat ratio 30:70%); DDGS blend2 (BDDGS2, corn to wheat ratio 50:50 percent)) and different batches within DDGS type using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). Compared with BDDGS1 and BDDGS2, wheat DDGS had higher (p < 0.05) peak area intensities of protein amide I and II and amide I to II intensity ratio.

Fermentation, degradation and microbial nitrogen partitioning for three forage colour phenotypes within anthocyanidin-accumulating Lc-alfalfa progeny.

Background: Alfalfa has the disadvantage of having a rapid initial rate of protein degradation, which results in pasture bloat, low efficiency of protein utilisation and excessive nitrogen (N) pollution into the environment for cattle. Introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of monomeric/polymeric anthocyanidins might reduce the ruminal protein degradation rate (by fixing protein and/or direct interaction with microbes) and additionally reduce methane emission. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vitro fermentation, degradation and microbial N partitioning of three forage colour phenotypes (green, light purple-green (LPG) and purple-green (PG)) within newly developed Lc-progeny and to compare them with those of parental green non-transgenic (NT) alfalfa.

Effect of organic zinc, manganese, copper, and selenium chelates on colostrum production and reproductive and lameness indices in adequately supplemented Holstein cows.

The current study aimed to investigate if different sources of supplemental zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) fed to dry and lactating dairy cows affect reproductive performance, lameness status, and colostrum production. The experiment was carried out on 60 multiparous non-lactating Holstein cows in a commercial dairy herd. The cows received randomly mineral mixtures in three treatment groups containing inorganic, 25% organic-75% inorganic, or 50% organic-50% inorganic forms of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Se starting from approximately 3 weeks prior to calving up to 90 days postpartum.

Detecting molecular features of spectra mainly associated with structural and non-structural carbohydrates in co-products from bioEthanol production using DRIFT with uni- and multivariate molecular spectral analyses.

The objective of this study was to use DRIFT spectroscopy with uni- and multivariate molecular spectral analyses as a novel approach to detect molecular features of spectra mainly associated with carbohydrate in the co-products (wheat DDGS, corn DDGS, blend DDGS) from bioethanol processing in comparison with original feedstock (wheat (Triticum), corn (Zea mays)). The carbohydrates related molecular spectral bands included: A_Cell (structural carbohydrates, peaks area region and baseline: ca. 1485-1188 cm(-1)), A_1240 (structural carbohydrates, peak area centered at ca.