Position statement of the World Endoscopy Organization: Role of endoscopy in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal superficial squamous neoplasia.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a significant global health challenge, being the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality with pronounced geographic variability. The incidence rates range from 125 per 100,000 in northern China to 1-1.5 per 100,000 in the United States, driven by environmental and lifestyle factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, dietary habits, and pollution.

Endoscopic Submucosal Tunneling Techniques versus Flexible Endoscopic Septotomy for Zenker's Diverticulum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is the most common type of esophageal diverticulum. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to compare the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal tunneling techniques (ESTT) and flexible endoscopic septotomy (FES) for treating patients with ZD, including subgroup analyses by follow-up duration (<12 months and ≥12 months), diverticulum size (<2.5cm and ≥2.

III BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS STATEMENT ON ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND.

Background: In the past decades, endoscopic ultrasound has developed from a diagnostic tool to a platform for many therapeutic interventions. Various technological advancements have emerged since the last Brazilian Consensus, demanding a review and update of the recommendations based on the best scientific evidence.

Methods: A group of 32 renowned echoendoscopists selected eight relevant topics to be discussed to generate clinical questions.

Novel regimen for colonoscopy bowel preparation with oral lactulose: a prospective comparative study.

Background/aims: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is considered the gold standard regimen for bowel preparation; however, due to the necessity of a large volume, patient tolerance is impaired. Therefore, lactulose is a novel alternative for colonoscopy preparation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of lactulose-based bowel preparations in comparison with PEG for colonoscopy.

Enzymatic approaches for diversifying bioproducts from cellulosic biomass.

Cellulosic biomass is the most abundantly available natural carbon-based renewable resource on Earth. Its widespread availability, combined with rising awareness, evolving policies, and changing regulations supporting sustainable practices, has propelled its role as a crucial renewable feedstock to meet the escalating demand for eco-friendly and renewable materials, chemicals, and fuels. Initially, biorefinery models using cellulosic biomass had focused on single-product platform, primarily monomeric sugars for biofuel.

An enzymatic hydrolysis-based platform technology for the efficient high-yield production of cellulose nanospheres.

This study evaluates the feasibility of using enzymatic technology to produce novel nanostructures of cellulose nanomaterials, specifically cellulose nanospheres (CNS), through enzymatic hydrolysis with endoglucanase and xylanase of pre-treated cellulose fibers. A statistical experimental design facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the process parameters, which enabled high yields of up to 82.7 %, while maintaining a uniform diameter of 54 nm and slightly improved crystallinity and thermal stability.

Use of N-acetylcysteine plus simethicone to improve mucosal visibility in upper digestive endoscopy via systematic alphanumeric-coded endoscopy: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial.

Background: The use of antifoaming and mucolytic agents prior to upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and a thorough systematic review are essential to optimize lesion detection. This study evaluated the effect of simethicone and N-acetylcysteine on the adequate mucosal visibility (AMV) of the upper GI tract by an innovative systematic method.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind controlled trial included consecutive patients who underwent diagnostic upper GI endoscopy for screening for early neoplasms between August 2019 and December 2019.

Exploring xylan removal via enzymatic post-treatment to tailor the properties of cellulose nanofibrils for packaging film applications.

Hemicellulose plays a key role in both the production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and their properties as suspensions and films. While the use of enzymatic and chemical pre-treatments for tailoring hemicellulose levels is well-established, post-treatment methods using enzymes remain relatively underexplored and hold significant promise for modifying CNF film properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic xylan removal on the properties of CNF film for packaging applications.

Evaluating the reinforcing potential of enzymatic cellulose nanocrystals in polypropylene nanocomposite.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) produced through enzymatic hydrolysis exhibit physicochemical properties that make them attractive as eco-friendly reinforcing agents in polymer composites. However, the extent of their efficacy within a polymeric matrix is yet to be fully established. This study investigated the reinforcing capabilities of enzymatic CNC (approximately 3 nm in diameter) isolated from bleached eucalyptus Kraft pulp (BEKP), focusing on its application in polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites produced by injection molding.

From production to performance: Tailoring moisture and oxygen barrier of cellulose nanomaterials for sustainable applications - A review.

Barrier materials are crucial in preserving product quality, safety and longevity across numerous applications, thereby contributing to sustainability, reducing waste and advancing technology. Among these materials, cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) have emerged as promising alternatives for traditional petroleum-based polymers. However, the wide range of sources and the different methods used to isolate and process CN-based materials can result in significant variations in moisture and oxygen barrier performance.

Hydrophobic enzymatic cellulose nanocrystals via a novel, one-pot green method.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a rapidly growing bionanomaterial with remarkable properties that have been harnessed in various applications, including mechanical reinforcement, biomedical materials, and coatings. However, for non-water-based applications, hydrophobization of CNCs while preserving their integrity is crucial. In this study, we propose a new eco-friendly, one-pot surface esterification method for hydrophobizing enzymatic CNCs in aqueous suspension without solvent exchange.

Comparison of LED and LASER Colonoscopy About Linked Color Imaging and Blue Laser/Light Imaging of Colorectal Tumors in a Multinational Study.

Introduction: In light-emitting diode (LED) and LASER colonoscopy, linked color imaging (LCI) and blue light/laser imaging (BLI) are used for lesion detection and characterization worldwide. We analyzed the difference of LCI and BLI images of colorectal lesions between LED and LASER in a multinational study.

Methods: We prospectively observed lesions with white light imaging (WLI), LCI, and BLI using both LED and LASER colonoscopies from January 2020 to August 2021.

LEARNING CURVE IN ESOPHAGEAL ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION BY WESTERN ENDOSCOSPISTS TRAINED IN JAPAN: EXPERIENCE IN LATIN AMERICA.

•This study aimed to assess the learning curve effect on patient's clinical outcome for EESD. Retrospective observational study, enrolling patients that underwent EESD from 2009 to 2021, divided in 2 groups. Mean procedure time was 111.

Management of esophageal neoplasms by endoscopic submucosal dissection: experience over 100 consecutive procedures.

Background/aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently considered the first-line treatment for the eradication of superficial neoplasms of the esophagus in Eastern countries. However, in the West, particularly in Latin America, the experience with esophageal ESD is still limited because of the high technical complexity required for its execution. This study aimed to present the results of the clinical application of ESD to manage superficial esophageal neoplasms in a Latin American center in over 100 consecutive cases.

The emergence of hybrid cellulose nanomaterials as promising biomaterials.

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are promising green materials due to their unique properties as well as their environmental benefits. Among these materials, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs) are the most extensively researched types of CNs. While they share some fundamental properties like low density, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity, they also possess unique differentiating characteristics such as morphology, rheology, aspect ratio, crystallinity, mechanical and optical properties.

Endoglucanase pretreatment aids in isolating tailored-cellulose nanofibrils combining energy saving and high-performance packaging.

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have emerged as a potential alternative to synthetic polymers in packaging applications owing to their oxygen and grease barrier performance, as well as their strong mechanical properties. However, the performance of CNF films relies on the inherent characteristics of fibers, which undergo changes during the CNF isolation process. Understanding these variations in characteristics during CNF isolation is crucial for tailoring CNF film properties to achieve optimum performance in packaging applications.

High-yield production of rod-like and spherical nanocellulose by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of mechanically pretreated cellulose.

In this study, a simple and scalable mechanical pretreatment was evaluated as means of enhancing the accessibility of cellulose fibers, with the objective of improving the efficiency of enzymatic reactions for the production of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs). In addition, the effects of enzyme type (endoglucanase - EG, endoxylanase - EX, and a cellulase preparation - CB), composition ratio (0-200UEG:0-200UEX or EG, EX, and CB alone), and loading (0 U-200 U) were investigated in relation to CN yield, morphology, and properties. The combination of mechanical pretreatment and specific enzymatic hydrolysis conditions substantially improved CN production yield, reaching up to 83 %.

Endoglucanase effects on energy consumption in the mechanical fibrillation of cellulose fibers into nanocelluloses.

Enzymatic processing is considered a promising approach for advancing environmentally friendly industrial processes, such as the use of endoglucanase (EG) enzyme in the production of nanocellulose. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the specific properties that make EG pretreatment effective in isolating fibrillated cellulose. To address this issue, we investigated EGs from four glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families (5, 6, 7, and 12) and examined the roles of the three-dimensional structure and catalytic features, with a focus on the presence of a carbohydrate binding module (CBM).

Xylanase increases the selectivity of the enzymatic hydrolysis with endoglucanase to produce cellulose nanocrystals with improved properties.

Enzyme-mediated isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is a promising environment friendly method with expected lower capital and operating expenditures compared to traditional processes. However, it is still poorly understood. In this study, an endoxylanase was applied as accessory enzyme to assess its potential to increase the selectivity of an endoglucanase during cellulose hydrolysis to isolate CNCs with improved properties.

Clinical effectiveness of short course oral prednisone for stricture prevention after semi-circumferential esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Esophageal strictures (ES) occur frequently after semi-circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the eradication of superficial esophageal neoplasms and negatively impact a patient's quality of life. Oral corticosteroids have been shown to be clinically effective, but the most appropriate drug, dose and duration is yet to be determined. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of 30 mg prednisone with a shortened tapering schedule on ES after semi-circumferential ESD.

Usefulness of optical enhancement endoscopy combined with magnification to improve detection of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach.

 The light blue crest observed in narrow band imaging endoscopy has high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnifying i-scan optical enhancement (OE) imaging for diagnosing the LBC sign in patients with different levels of risk for gastric cancer in a Mexican clinical practice.  Patients with a history of peptic ulcer and symptoms of dyspepsia or gastroesophageal reflux disease were enrolled.

Rio de Janeiro Global Consensus on Landmarks, Definitions, and Classifications in Barrett's Esophagus: World Endoscopy Organization Delphi Study.

Background & Aims: Despite the significant advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of Barrett's esophagus (BE), there is still a need for standardized definitions, appropriate recognition of endoscopic landmarks, and consistent use of classification systems. Current controversies in basic definitions of BE and the relative lack of anatomic knowledge are significant barriers to uniform documentation. We aimed to provide consensus-driven recommendations for uniform reporting and global application.