Expansion of CD4 T Lymphocytes Expressing Interleukin 17 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: We have investigated the distribution of the Th1, Th2 and Th17 subsets in circulating CD4 T lymphocytes and their naïve (T), effector (T), central (T) and effector memory (T) activation/differentiation stages in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: Thirty MDD patients and 30 healthy controls were studied. The counts of circulating CD4 T lymphocytes and their distribution on the T, T, T and T activation/differentiation stages were analyzed by polychromatic flow cytometry.

Abnormal Distribution and Function of Circulating Monocytes and Enhanced Bacterial Translocation in Major Depressive Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients experience a systemic inflammatory stage. Monocytes play an important role in innate inflammatory responses and may be modulated by bacterial translocation. Our aim was to investigate the subset distribution and function of circulating monocytes, levels of proinflammatory cytokines, gut barrier damage, and bacterial translocation in MDD patients.